Gnu make与Windows Nmake的异同点

这几天在做一个项目，在Mac、Linux、Android下都是使用make系统进行编译管理的，但是到了Windows下很多正常的make“指令”不被Nmake识别，很是苦恼。看了一天的Nmake解释终于有点入门了，记录下一些两者的异同点，便于以后查阅。

1. 自动变量的区别

GNU make的自动变量	Windows Nmake自动变量
$@ The file name of the target of the rule. If the target is an archive member, then ‘$@’ is the name of the archive file. $%: The target member name, when the target is an archive member. For example, if the target is foo.a(bar.o) then ‘$%’ is bar.o and ‘$@’ is foo.a. ‘$%’ is empty when the target is not an archive member.	$(@) Current target's full name (path, base name, extension), as currently specified.
$$@	$$@ Current target's full name (path, base name, extension), as currently specified. Valid only as a dependent in a dependency.
$*   这个变量表示目标模式中"%"及其之前的部分 (少用)	$* Current target's path and base name except file extension.
$? The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the target, with spaces between them. $^    The names of all the prerequisites, with spaces between them.  $|    The names of all the order-only prerequisites, with spaces between them.	$?  All dependent files in the dependency with a later timestamp than the target $** All dependents of the current target.
$< The name of the first prerequisite. If the target got its recipe from an implicit rule, this will be the first prerequisite added by the implicit rule	$< Dependent file with a later timestamp than the current target. Valid only in commands in inference rules.

   

2. 内置宏的一些区别

     NMAKE                               GNU MAKE
        =======                                 ==========
      !MESSAGE hello world                $(info hello world)

      !ERROR message                      $(error message)

      !INCLUDE filename                   include filename

      $(MAKEDIR)                          $(CURDIR)

      $(@D)                               $(@D:\=)

      $(@F)                               $(@F)

      $(@B)                               $(basename $(@F))

      $(@R)                               $(basename $@)

      $(var:find=replace)                 $(subst find,replace,$(var))

      !IF "a" == "b"     (also !=)        ifeq (a, b) (also ifneq)
      ...                                 ...
      !ELSE                               else
      ...                                 ...
      !ENDIF                              endif

      !IFDE var   (also !IFNDEF)         ifdef var (also ifndef)
      ...                                 ...
      !ELSE                               else
      ...                                 ...
      !ENDIF                              endif

      http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7y32zxwh.aspx

      !IF EXIST("filename")               ifeq ($(wildcard filename), filename)  (NOTE: Case-sensitive!)
      ...                                 ...
      !ELSE                               else
      ...                                 ...
      !ENDIF                              endif

      doit:                               define runit_cmd
         @echo <<runit.cmd >nul           ...$(1), $(2), $(3),...
         ...%1,%2,%3,...                  endef
         <<                               doit:
         @call runit.cmd x y z               $(call runit_cmd, x, y, z)

3. 内嵌函数

   1. 替换函数

     $(subst, find, replace, $(var))

     等价于

      $(var :string1=string2)

      特别注意":"前面不能有空格: No spaces or tabs precede the colon; any after the colon are interpreted as literal.

       Macro substitution is case sensitive and is literal;  string1 and string2  cannot invoke macros. Substitution does not modify the original definition. You can substitute text in any predefined macro except  $$@ .

   2.  Nmake 很遗憾没有其他的了。这点造成Nmake确实非常（不是一般的）难以在命令行使用，特别是你要生成多个目标文件时。

4. 文件处理

  Windows：

     Use  %s  to represent the complete filename. Use  %| [ parts ] F  (a vertical bar character follows the percent symbol)   

Letter	Description
No letter	Complete name (same as %s)
d	Drive
p	Path
f	File base name
e	File extension

For example, if the filename is c:\prog.exe:

• %s will be c:\prog.exe

• %|F will be c:\prog.exe

• %|dF will be c

• %|pF will be c:\

• %|fF will be prog

• %|eF will be exe

而在Linux下， 使用函数"dir"或"notdir" 函数就可以做到上述功能。比如

5.  内置的常用的宏：

  Windows--Nmake

Microsoft product	Command macro	Defined as	Options macro
Macro Assembler	AS	ml	AFLAGS
Basic Compiler	BC	bc	BFLAGS
C Compiler	CC	cl	CFLAGS
C++ Compiler	CPP	cl	CPPFLAGS
C++ Compiler	CXX	cl	CXXFLAGS
Resource Compiler	RC	rc	RFLAGS

Linux-make

AR

Archive-maintaining program; default ‘ ar’. 

AS

Program for compiling assembly files; default ‘ as’. 

CC

Program for compiling C programs; default ‘ cc’. 

CXX

Program for compiling C++ programs; default ‘ g++’. 

CPP

Program for running the C preprocessor, with results to standard output; default ‘ $(CC) -E’. 

ARFLAGS

Flags to give the archive-maintaining program; default ‘ rv’. 

ASFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the assembler (when explicitly invoked on a ‘ .s’ or ‘ .S’ file). 

CFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C compiler. 

CXXFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C++ compiler. 

CPPFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the C preprocessor and programs that use it (the C and Fortran compilers). 

GFLAGS

Extra flags to give to the SCCS  get program. 

LDFLAGS

Extra flags to give to compilers when they are supposed to invoke the linker, ‘ ld’. 

6. 特殊字符

  Windows：

    A number sign (#) after a definition specifies a comment. To specify a literal number sign in a macro, use a caret (^), as in ^#.

    A dollar sign ($) specifies a macro invocation. To specify a literal $, use $$.

  

7. 例子：

一个简单的例子（多个目标） --- 目前除了使用间接方式外，没有找到更好的方法（在gmake中可以使用 $(foreach )）。

TMP_DIR=$(F_HOME)\tmp

BIN_DIR=$(F_HOME)\bin

T1=FskTimeTest FskStringTest

all: $(T1) 

$(T1): $(BIN_DIR)\$$@.t

{$(F_HOME)\test\}.cpp{$(BIN_DIR)\}.t:

    @echo $<

    @echo $@

    @copy $< $@

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