举例说明为什么要重写hashCode()和equals()方法

1.未重写hashCode()和equals()方法

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {

    private String userName;

    public User(String userName) {
        this.userName=userName;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //user1和user2是同一个人
        User user1=new User("小李");
        User user2=new User("小李");

        Map<User,String> userMap=new HashMap<>();
        userMap.put(user1,"你好");

        //下面输出null
        System.out.println(userMap.get(user2));
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
}

我们想通过user2拿到user1的值，没有重写User的hashCode()方法，user1和user2会调用基类Object的hashCode()方法，默认返回对象的内存地址。此时user1和user2通过hashCode()获取到的值是不一样的，所以userMap.get(user2)会返回null。

2.只重写hashCode()方法

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {

    private String userName;

    public User(String userName) {
        this.userName=userName;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //user1和user2是同一个人
        User user1=new User("小李");
        User user2=new User("小李");

        Map<User,String> userMap=new HashMap<>();
        userMap.put(user1,"你好");

        //下面输出null
        System.out.println(userMap.get(user2));
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode(){
        return userName.hashCode();
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
}

只重写hashCode()到了同一个桶但还需判断桶下面的值都是hash值相同的，还需调用equals()方法判断两者是否相等。未重写equals(),会使用Object()的equals()方法，比较两个对象的内存地址是否相等，这里user1和user2不相等，所以userMap.get(user2)会返回null。

3.重写hashCode()和equals()方法

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class User {

    private String userName;

    public User(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //user1和user2是同一个人
        User user1 = new User("小李");
        User user2 = new User("小李");

        Map<User, String> userMap = new HashMap<>();
        userMap.put(user1, "你好");

        //下面输出 你好
        System.out.println(userMap.get(user2));
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return userName.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof User)) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return this.getUserName().equals(((User) o).getUserName());
        }
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
}