003_Gson流

1. Streaming API将JSON内容分为读写事件。JsonReader和JsonWriter将数据读/写为令牌, 称为JsonToken。

2. 它是处理JSON的三种方法中最强大的方法。它具有最低的开销, 并且在读/写操作中非常快。它类似于XML的Stax解析器。

3. 例子

3.1. 新建一个名为GsonStream的Java项目, 同时添加相关jar包。

3.2. 新建Student.java

package com.fj.s;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Map;

public class Student implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Boolean isMale;
	private Integer[] sanWei;
	private Collection<String> familyMembers;
	private Map<String, String> scores;
	
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public Boolean isMale() {
		return isMale;
	}

	public void setMale(Boolean isMale) {
		this.isMale = isMale;
	}

	public Integer[] getSanWei() {
		return sanWei;
	}

	public void setSanWei(Integer[] sanWei) {
		this.sanWei = sanWei;
	}

	public Collection<String> getFamilyMembers() {
		return familyMembers;
	}

	public void setFamilyMembers(Collection<String> familyMembers) {
		this.familyMembers = familyMembers;
	}

	public Map<String, String> getScores() {
		return scores;
	}

	public void setScores(Map<String, String> scores) {
		this.scores = scores;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", isMale=" + isMale + ", sanWei=" + Arrays.toString(sanWei)
				+ ", familyMembers=" + familyMembers + ", scores=" + scores + "]";
	}
}

3.3. 新建App1.java

package com.fj.s;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonToken;

public class App1 {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		String jsonString = "{\"id\":1111,\"name\":\"张三\",\"isMale\":false,\"sanWei\":[100,90,85],\"familyMembers\":[\"爸爸\",\"妈妈\",\"妹妹\"],\"scores\":{\"chinese\":\"90\",\"english\":\"90\",\"math\":\"100\"}}";
		JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(new StringReader(jsonString));
		Student student = new Student();
		try {
			handleJsonObject(reader, student);
			reader.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(student);
	}

	private static void handleJsonObject(JsonReader reader, Student student) throws IOException {
		reader.beginObject();
		String fieldName = null;
		Map<String, String> scores = null;
		
		while (reader.hasNext()) {
			JsonToken token = reader.peek();

			if (token.equals(JsonToken.BEGIN_ARRAY)) {
				handleJsonArray(reader, fieldName, student);
			} else if (token.equals(JsonToken.END_OBJECT)) {
				reader.endObject();
				return;
			} else {
				if (token.equals(JsonToken.NAME)) {
					// 获取当前字段名
					fieldName = reader.nextName();
				}
				
				switch (fieldName) {
					case "scores":
						token = reader.peek();
						scores = new HashMap<String, String>();
						student.setScores(scores);
						handleJsonObject(reader, student);
						break;
						
					case "id":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.setId(reader.nextInt());
						break;
	
					case "name":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.setName(reader.nextString());
						break;
											
					case "isMale":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.setMale(reader.nextBoolean());
						break;
						
					case "chinese":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.getScores().put(fieldName, reader.nextString());
						break;
						
					case "english":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.getScores().put(fieldName, reader.nextString());
						break;
						
					case "math":
						token = reader.peek();
						student.getScores().put(fieldName, reader.nextString());
						break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	private static void handleJsonArray(JsonReader reader, String fieldName, Student student) throws IOException {
		reader.beginArray();
		Collection<String> familyMembers = null;
		List<Integer> sanWei = null;
		
		while (true) {
			JsonToken token = reader.peek();
			
			if (token.equals(JsonToken.END_ARRAY)) {
				if("sanWei".equals(fieldName)) {
					student.setSanWei(sanWei.toArray(new Integer[0]));
				}
				reader.endArray();
				break;
			} else if (token.equals(JsonToken.BEGIN_OBJECT)) {
				handleJsonObject(reader, student);
			} else if (token.equals(JsonToken.END_OBJECT)) {
				reader.endObject();
			} else {
				switch (fieldName) {
					case "sanWei":
						if(sanWei == null) {
							sanWei = new ArrayList<Integer>();
						}
						sanWei.add(reader.nextInt());
					break;

					case "familyMembers":
						if(familyMembers == null) {
							familyMembers = new ArrayList<String>();
							student.setFamilyMembers(familyMembers);
						}
						familyMembers.add(reader.nextString());
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

3.4. 运行App1.java

3.5. 新建App2.java

package com.fj.s;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonIOException;
import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader;

public class App2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Type studentType = new TypeToken<Student>(){}.getType();
		String jsonString = "{\"id\":1111,\"name\":\"张三\",\"isMale\":false,\"sanWei\":[100,90,85],\"familyMembers\":[\"爸爸\",\"妈妈\",\"妹妹\"],\"scores\":{\"chinese\":\"90\",\"english\":\"90\",\"math\":\"100\"}}";

		GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
	    Gson gson = builder.create();
	   
//	    T fromJson(Reader json, Class<T> classOfT)将指定的json读取器反序列化为指定类的对象。
	    Reader stringReader = new StringReader(jsonString);
	    System.out.println(gson.fromJson(stringReader, Student.class));
	    
//	    T fromJson(Reader json, Type typeOfT)将指定的json读取器按指定类型的适配器将其反序列化为对象。
		try {
			Reader fileReader = new FileReader("student.json");
			System.out.println((Student)gson.fromJson(fileReader, studentType));
			fileReader.close();
		} catch (JsonIOException | JsonSyntaxException | IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	    
//	    T fromJson(JsonReader reader, Type typeOfT)将指定的JsonReader按指定类型的适配器将其反序列化为对象。
	    JsonReader jsonReader = new JsonReader(new StringReader(jsonString));
	    System.out.println((Student)gson.fromJson(jsonReader, studentType));
	}
}

3.6. 运行App2.java, 在项目目录下生成student.json

3.7. 新建App3.java

package com.fj.s;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonIOException;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;

public class App3 {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Type studentType = new TypeToken<Student>(){}.getType();
	
		Student student = new Student();
		student.setId(1111);
		student.setName("张三");
		student.setMale(false);
		Integer[] sanWei = {100,90,85};
		student.setSanWei(sanWei);
		Collection<String> familyMembers = new ArrayList<String>();
		familyMembers.add("爸爸");
		familyMembers.add("妈妈");
		familyMembers.add("妹妹");
		student.setFamilyMembers(familyMembers);
		Map<String, String> scores = new HashMap<String, String>();
		scores.put("chinese", "90");
		scores.put("math", "100");
		scores.put("english", "90");
		student.setScores(scores);
		
		GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
		Gson gson = builder.create();
		
		try {
//			void toJson(Object src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonWriter writer)将指定的对象按指定类型的适配器将其序列化为writer。写入字符串流。
			Writer stringWriter = new StringWriter();
			gson.toJson(student, studentType, new JsonWriter(stringWriter));
			System.out.println(stringWriter.toString());
			stringWriter.close();
			
//			void toJson(Object src, Appendable writer)将指定的对象序列化为writer。写入文件流。
			FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(new File("student.txt"));
			gson.toJson(student, fileWriter);
			fileWriter.flush();
			fileWriter.close();
		} catch (JsonIOException | IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

3.8. 运行App3.java, 在项目目录下生成student.txt