python3特性

user = "Jane Doe"
action = "buy"
log_message = f'User {user} has logged in and did an action {action}.'
print(log_message)
# User Jane Doe has logged in and did an action buy.

from pathlib import Path
root = Path('post_sub_folder')
print(root)
# post_sub_folder
path = root / 'happy_user'
# Make the path absolute
print(path.resolve())
# /home/weenkus/Workspace/Projects/DataWhatNow-Codes/how_your_python3_should_look_like/post_sub_folder/happy_user

3.5+ 类型注解

def sentence_has_animal(sentence: str) -> bool:
  return "animal" in sentence
sentence_has_animal("Donald had a farm without animals")
# True

3.4+ 枚举

from enum import Enum, auto
class Monster(Enum):
    ZOMBIE = auto()
    WARRIOR = auto()
    BEAR = auto()
    
print(Monster.ZOMBIE)
# Monster.ZOMBIE

3.2 缓存

from functools import lru_cache
@lru_cache(maxsize=512)
def fib_memoization(number: int) -> int:
    if number == 0: return 0
    if number == 1: return 1
    
    return fib_memoization(number-1) + fib_memoization(number-2)
start = time.time()
fib_memoization(40)
print(f'Duration: {time.time() - start}s')
# Duration: 6.866455078125e-05s

可迭代对象的扩展使用

head, *body, tail = range(5)
print(head, body, tail)
# 0 [1, 2, 3] 4
py, filename, *cmds = "python3.7 script.py -n 5 -l 15".split()
print(py)
print(filename)
print(cmds)
# python3.7
# script.py
# ['-n', '5', '-l', '15']
first, _, third, *_ = range(10)
print(first, third)
# 0 2

3.7+ data class

Python 3引入了 data class，这些数据类没有太多限制，可用来减少我们的初始化代码，因为装饰器会自动生成特殊方法，例如__init__()和__repr()__。在官方提案中，它们被描述为“具有默认值的可变命名元组（mutable named tuples with default）”。

class Armor:
    
    def __init__(self, armor: float, description: str, level: int = 1):
        self.armor = armor
        self.level = level
        self.description = description
                 
    def power(self) -> float:
        return self.armor * self.level
    
armor = Armor(5.2, "Common armor.", 2)
armor.power()
# 10.4
print(armor)
# <__main__.Armor object at 0x7fc4800e2cf8>

from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Armor:
    armor: float
    description: str
    level: int = 1
    
    def power(self) -> float:
        return self.armor * self.level
    
armor = Armor(5.2, "Common armor.", 2)
armor.power()
# 10.4
print(armor)
# Armor(armor=5.2, description='Common armor.', level=2)

3.8+

海象运算符 强制使用者用位置参数

运行时添加审计钩子

跨进程直接访问同一内存

缓存属性

f-strings debug

单元测试 添加mock 异步代码的类

对可迭代解包的改进

django-datalogger 记录数据的修改