Linux时间同步脚本

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 16:16:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 16:16:27 发布

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文章标签： python shell 操作系统

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/cosysn/p/4113378.html

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Linux时间同步脚本

由于实际要求，需要让 Linux 系统的时间和局域网的其他设备保持同步。为了实现上述目标，本文使用 NTP 协议进行时间同步。

搭建NTP服务器

由于是局域网环境，不适合直接从互联网上获取当前时间进行时间同步。为此本文采用了在局域网内搭建 NTP 服务器，所有的 Linux 设备都通过向该服务器同步时间，从而保证局域网内的设备时间保持同步。

本文使用 Windows Server 2012 搭建 NTP 服务器， Windows 配置 NTP 服务器可以使用以下方法：

通过配置注册表实现，但是操作太麻烦；
安装 SNTP Service 软件，安装该软件后默认开启 SNTP 服务，然后就可以使用 NTP 客户端进行时间同步了。

本文采用第二种方法，简单方便。下面是搭建步骤：

下载 SNTP Service 软件
进入 SNTP Service 软件官网下载该软件。
点击安装 SNTP Service 软件
点击 next
选择安装目录，并点击 next
自定义安装组件，并点击 next
并点击 install 进入安装
等待安装完成
安装完成

经过上述步骤后， SNTP 服务就开启了，可以使用 NTP 客户端进行时间同步了。

NTP 客户端

本文使用 Python 脚本编写 NTP 客户端脚本 ntpclient.py ，使用该脚本访问搭建好的 NTP 服务器获取当前时间。该脚本是基于 ntplib 库，其源码如下所示：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

###############################################################################
# ntplib - Python NTP library.
# Copyright (C) 2009 Charles-Francois Natali <cf.natali@gmail.com>
#
# ntplib is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51
# Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
###############################################################################
"""Python NTP library.

Implementation of client-side NTP (RFC-1305), and useful NTP-related
functions.
"""

import os
import sys
import datetime
import socket
import struct
import time
from optparse import OptionParser


class NTPException(Exception):
    """Exception raised by this module."""
    pass


class NTP:
    """Helper class defining constants."""

    _SYSTEM_EPOCH = datetime.date(*time.gmtime(0)[0:3])
    """system epoch"""
    _NTP_EPOCH = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
    """NTP epoch"""
    NTP_DELTA = (_SYSTEM_EPOCH - _NTP_EPOCH).days * 24 * 3600
    """delta between system and NTP time"""

    REF_ID_TABLE = {
        "GOES":  "Geostationary Orbit Environment Satellite",
        "GPS\0": "Global Position System",
        "GAL\0": "Galileo Positioning System",
        "PPS\0": "Generic pulse-per-second",
        "IRIG":  "Inter-Range Instrumentation Group",
        "WWVB":  "LF Radio WWVB Ft. Collins, CO 60 kHz",
        "DCF\0": "LF Radio DCF77 Mainflingen, DE 77.5 kHz",
        "HBG\0": "LF Radio HBG Prangins, HB 75 kHz",
        "MSF\0": "LF Radio MSF Anthorn, UK 60 kHz",
        "JJY\0": "LF Radio JJY Fukushima, JP 40 kHz, Saga, JP 60 kHz",
        "LORC":  "MF Radio LORAN C station, 100 kHz",
        "TDF\0": "MF Radio Allouis, FR 162 kHz",
        "CHU\0": "HF Radio CHU Ottawa, Ontario",
        "WWV\0": "HF Radio WWV Ft. Collins, CO",
        "WWVH":  "HF Radio WWVH Kauai, HI",
        "NIST":  "NIST telephone modem",
        "ACTS":  "NIST telephone modem",
        "USNO":  "USNO telephone modem",
        "PTB\0": "European telephone modem",
        "LOCL":  "uncalibrated local clock",
        "CESM":  "calibrated Cesium clock",
        "RBDM":  "calibrated Rubidium clock",
        "OMEG":  "OMEGA radionavigation system",
        "DCN\0": "DCN routing protocol",
        "TSP\0": "TSP time protocol",
        "DTS\0": "Digital Time Service",
        "ATOM":  "Atomic clock (calibrated)",
        "VLF\0": "VLF radio (OMEGA,, etc.)",
        "1PPS":  "External 1 PPS input",
        "FREE":  "(Internal clock)",
        "INIT":  "(Initialization)",
        "\0\0\0\0":   "NULL",
    }
    """reference identifier table"""

    STRATUM_TABLE = {
        0: "unspecified or invalid",
        1: "primary reference (%s)",
    }
    """stratum table"""

    MODE_TABLE = {
        0: "reserved",
        1: "symmetric active",
        2: "symmetric passive",
        3: "client",
        4: "server",
        5: "broadcast",
        6: "reserved for NTP control messages",
        7: "reserved for private use",
    }
    """mode table"""

    LEAP_TABLE = {
        0: "no warning",
        1: "last minute of the day has 61 seconds",
        2: "last minute of the day has 59 seconds",
        3: "unknown (clock unsynchronized)",
    }
    """leap indicator table"""


class NTPPacket:
    """NTP packet class.

    This represents an NTP packet.
    """

    _PACKET_FORMAT = "!B B B b 11I"
    """packet format to pack/unpack"""

    def __init__(self, version=2, mode=3, tx_timestamp=0):
        """Constructor.

        Parameters:
        version      -- NTP version
        mode         -- packet mode (client, server)
        tx_timestamp -- packet transmit timestamp
        """
        self.leap = 0
        """leap second indicator"""
        self.version = version
        """version"""
        self.mode = mode
        """mode"""
        self.stratum = 0
        """stratum"""
        self.poll = 0
        """poll interval"""
        self.precision = 0
        """precision"""
        self.root_delay = 0
        """root delay"""
        self.root_dispersion = 0
        """root dispersion"""
        self.ref_id = 0
        """reference clock identifier"""
        self.ref_timestamp = 0
        """reference timestamp"""
        self.orig_timestamp = 0
        """originate timestamp"""
        self.recv_timestamp = 0
        """receive timestamp"""
        self.tx_timestamp = tx_timestamp
        """tansmit timestamp"""

    def to_data(self):
        """Convert this NTPPacket to a buffer that can be sent over a socket.

        Returns:
        buffer representing this packet

        Raises:
        NTPException -- in case of invalid field
        """
        try:
            packed = struct.pack(NTPPacket._PACKET_FORMAT,
                (self.leap << 6 | self.version << 3 | self.mode),
                self.stratum,
                self.poll,
                self.precision,
                _to_int(self.root_delay) << 16 | _to_frac(self.root_delay, 16),
                _to_int(self.root_dispersion) << 16 |
                _to_frac(self.root_dispersion, 16),
                self.ref_id,
                _to_int(self.ref_timestamp),
                _to_frac(self.ref_timestamp),
                _to_int(self.orig_timestamp),
                _to_frac(self.orig_timestamp),
                _to_int(self.recv_timestamp),
                _to_frac(self.recv_timestamp),
                _to_int(self.tx_timestamp),
                _to_frac(self.tx_timestamp))
        except struct.error:
            raise NTPException("Invalid NTP packet fields.")
        return packed

    def from_data(self, data):
        """Populate this instance from a NTP packet payload received from
        the network.

        Parameters:
        data -- buffer payload

        Raises:
        NTPException -- in case of invalid packet format
        """
        try:
            unpacked = struct.unpack(NTPPacket._PACKET_FORMAT,
                    data[0:struct.calcsize(NTPPacket._PACKET_FORMAT)])
        except struct.error:
            raise NTPException("Invalid NTP packet.")

        self.leap = unpacked[0] >> 6 & 0x3
        self.version = unpacked[0] >> 3 & 0x7
        self.mode = unpacked[0] & 0x7
        self.stratum = unpacked[1]
        self.poll = unpacked[2]
        self.precision = unpacked[3]
        self.root_delay = float(unpacked[4])/2**16
        self.root_dispersion = float(unpacked[5])/2**16
        self.ref_id = unpacked[6]
        self.ref_timestamp = _to_time(unpacked[7], unpacked[8])
        self.orig_timestamp = _to_time(unpacked[9], unpacked[10])
        self.recv_timestamp = _to_time(unpacked[11], unpacked[12])
        self.tx_timestamp = _to_time(unpacked[13], unpacked[14])


class NTPStats(NTPPacket):
    """NTP statistics.

    Wrapper for NTPPacket, offering additional statistics like offset and
    delay, and timestamps converted to system time.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """Constructor."""
        NTPPacket.__init__(self)
        self.dest_timestamp = 0
        """destination timestamp"""

    @property
    def offset(self):
        """offset"""
        return ((self.recv_timestamp - self.orig_timestamp) +
                (self.tx_timestamp - self.dest_timestamp))/2

    @property
    def delay(self):
        """round-trip delay"""
        return ((self.dest_timestamp - self.orig_timestamp) -
                (self.tx_timestamp - self.recv_timestamp))

    @property
    def tx_time(self):
        """Transmit timestamp in system time."""
        return ntp_to_system_time(self.tx_timestamp)

    @property
    def recv_time(self):
        """Receive timestamp in system time."""
        return ntp_to_system_time(self.recv_timestamp)

    @property
    def orig_time(self):
        """Originate timestamp in system time."""
        return ntp_to_system_time(self.orig_timestamp)

    @property
    def ref_time(self):
        """Reference timestamp in system time."""
        return ntp_to_system_time(self.ref_timestamp)

    @property
    def dest_time(self):
        """Destination timestamp in system time."""
        return ntp_to_system_time(self.dest_timestamp)


class NTPClient:
    """NTP client session."""

    def __init__(self):
        """Constructor."""
        pass

    def request(self, host, version=2, port='ntp', timeout=5):
        """Query a NTP server.

        Parameters:
        host    -- server name/address
        version -- NTP version to use
        port    -- server port
        timeout -- timeout on socket operations

        Returns:
        NTPStats object
        """
        # lookup server address
        addrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)[0]
        family, sockaddr = addrinfo[0], addrinfo[4]

        # create the socket
        s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

        try:
            s.settimeout(timeout)

            # create the request packet - mode 3 is client
            query_packet = NTPPacket(mode=3, version=version,
                                tx_timestamp=system_to_ntp_time(time.time()))

            # send the request
            s.sendto(query_packet.to_data(), sockaddr)

            # wait for the response - check the source address
            src_addr = None,
            while src_addr[0] != sockaddr[0]:
                response_packet, src_addr = s.recvfrom(256)

            # build the destination timestamp
            dest_timestamp = system_to_ntp_time(time.time())
        except socket.timeout:
            raise NTPException("No response received from %s." % host)
        finally:
            s.close()

        # construct corresponding statistics
        stats = NTPStats()
        stats.from_data(response_packet)
        stats.dest_timestamp = dest_timestamp

        return stats


def _to_int(timestamp):
    """Return the integral part of a timestamp.

    Parameters:
    timestamp -- NTP timestamp

    Retuns:
    integral part
    """
    return int(timestamp)


def _to_frac(timestamp, n=32):
    """Return the fractional part of a timestamp.

    Parameters:
    timestamp -- NTP timestamp
    n         -- number of bits of the fractional part

    Retuns:
    fractional part
    """
    return int(abs(timestamp - _to_int(timestamp)) * 2**n)


def _to_time(integ, frac, n=32):
    """Return a timestamp from an integral and fractional part.

    Parameters:
    integ -- integral part
    frac  -- fractional part
    n     -- number of bits of the fractional part

    Retuns:
    timestamp
    """
    return integ + float(frac)/2**n


def ntp_to_system_time(timestamp):
    """Convert a NTP time to system time.

    Parameters:
    timestamp -- timestamp in NTP time

    Returns:
    corresponding system time
    """
    return timestamp - NTP.NTP_DELTA


def system_to_ntp_time(timestamp):
    """Convert a system time to a NTP time.

    Parameters:
    timestamp -- timestamp in system time

    Returns:
    corresponding NTP time
    """
    return timestamp + NTP.NTP_DELTA


def leap_to_text(leap):
    """Convert a leap indicator to text.

    Parameters:
    leap -- leap indicator value

    Returns:
    corresponding message

    Raises:
    NTPException -- in case of invalid leap indicator
    """
    if leap in NTP.LEAP_TABLE:
        return NTP.LEAP_TABLE[leap]
    else:
        raise NTPException("Invalid leap indicator.")


def mode_to_text(mode):
    """Convert a NTP mode value to text.

    Parameters:
    mode -- NTP mode

    Returns:
    corresponding message

    Raises:
    NTPException -- in case of invalid mode
    """
    if mode in NTP.MODE_TABLE:
        return NTP.MODE_TABLE[mode]
    else:
        raise NTPException("Invalid mode.")


def stratum_to_text(stratum):
    """Convert a stratum value to text.

    Parameters:
    stratum -- NTP stratum

    Returns:
    corresponding message

    Raises:
    NTPException -- in case of invalid stratum
    """
    if stratum in NTP.STRATUM_TABLE:
        return NTP.STRATUM_TABLE[stratum] % (stratum)
    elif 1 < stratum < 16:
        return "secondary reference (%s)" % (stratum)
    elif stratum == 16:
        return "unsynchronized (%s)" % (stratum)
    else:
        raise NTPException("Invalid stratum or reserved.")


def ref_id_to_text(ref_id, stratum=2):
    """Convert a reference clock identifier to text according to its stratum.

    Parameters:
    ref_id  -- reference clock indentifier
    stratum -- NTP stratum

    Returns:
    corresponding message

    Raises:
    NTPException -- in case of invalid stratum
    """
    fields = (ref_id >> 24 & 0xff, ref_id >> 16 & 0xff,
              ref_id >> 8 & 0xff, ref_id & 0xff)

    # return the result as a string or dot-formatted IP address
    if 0 <= stratum <= 1:
        text = '%c%c%c%c' % fields
        if text in NTP.REF_ID_TABLE:
            return NTP.REF_ID_TABLE[text]
        else:
            return "Unidentified reference source '%s'" % (text)
    elif 2 <= stratum < 255:
        return '%d.%d.%d.%d' % fields
    else:
        raise NTPException("Invalid stratum.")

if __name__ == '__main__':
'''
    if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
        print "error, parameters is invalid!"
        exit(1)
'''

    # 解析用户输入的参数
    parser = OptionParser(version="%prog 0.1") # 获取参数的选项
                                        
    parser.add_option("-u", "--url", action="store",
                                        type="string", dest="url",
                                        help="the url of ntp server.")
                                        
    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    
    
    
    if options.url == None:
        print "error, url is invalid!"
        exit(1)
    
    # 建立NTP客户端
    client = NTPClient()
    response = client.request(options.url, version=3)
    
    # 从NTP服务器获得当前时间
    cur = time.ctime(response.tx_time)
    
    # 打印当前时间
    print "%s" %cur

Shell 脚本

上述客户端脚本只是从 NTP 服务器获取当前时间，而不能设置 Linux 当前时间。为实现该功能，本文创建 Shell 脚本 time_demo.sh 来更新 Linux 的时间。其源码如下所示：

#!/bin/bash
 
# 将本文件和 ntpclient.py 放在同一目录下
time=`python ./ntpclient.py -u 172.16.177.212`
date -s "$time" > /dev/null

演示

[root@00:B3:42:01:02:23 bin]# date
Mon Aug  9 00:00:03 CST 2010
[root@00:B3:42:01:02:23 bin]# ./time_demo.sh 
[root@00:B3:42:01:02:23 bin]# date
Fri Nov 21 17:04:09 CST 2014

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cosysn/p/4113378.html

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Linux时间同步脚本

Linux时间同步脚本由于实际要求，需要让 Linux 系统的时间和局域网的其他设备保持同步。为了实现上述目标，本文使用 NTP 协议进行时间同步。搭建NTP服务器由于是局域网环境，不适合直接从互联网上获取当前时间进行时间同步。为此本文采用了在局域网内搭建 NTP 服务器，所有的 Linux 设备都通过向该服务器同步时间，从而保证局域网内的设备时间保持同步。本文使用 Windo...
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