1.定义一个基类 Animal,其中有一个虚函数 perform(),用于在子类中实现不同的表演行为
以下是一个简单的比喻,将多态概念与生活中的实际情况相联系:
比喻:动物园的讲解员和动物表演
想象一下你去了一家动物园,看到了许多不同种类的动物,如狮子、大象、猴子等。现在,动物园里有一位讲解员,他会为每种动物表演做简单的介绍。
在这个场景中,我们可以将动物比作是不同的类,而每种动物表演则是类中的函数。而讲解员则是一个基类,他可以根据每种动物的特点和表演,进行相应的介绍
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
string An;
public:
Animal(){}
Animal(string name):An(name){}
virtual void perform()
{
cout << "我是" << An << endl;
}
virtual ~Animal(){cout << "Animal_析构" << endl;}
};
class Lion:public Animal
{
string name;
public:
Lion(){}
Lion(string An,string name):Animal(An),name(name){}
void perform()
{
cout << "我是" << name << " " << "我会狮吼功" << endl;
}
~Lion(){cout << "Lion_析构" << endl;}
};
class elephant:public Animal
{
string name;
public:
elephant(){}
elephant(string An,string name):Animal(An),name(name){}
void perform()
{
cout << "我是" << name << " " << "我会上树" << endl;
}
~elephant(){cout << "elephant_析构" << endl;}
};
class monkey:public Animal
{
string name;
public:
monkey(){}
monkey(string An,string name):Animal(An),name(name){}
void perform()
{
cout << "我是" << name << " " << "我会跳舞" << endl;
}
~monkey(){cout << "monkey_析构" << endl;}
};
int main()
{
Animal *p = new Lion("动物","狮子");
p->perform();
delete p;
cout << "-------------------" << endl;
Animal *p1 = new elephant("动物","大象");
p1->perform();
delete p1;
cout << "-------------------" << endl;
Animal *p2 = new monkey("动物","猴子");
p2->perform();
delete p2;
cout << "-------------------" << endl;
return 0;
}
---------------------------------------
我是狮子 我会狮吼功
Lion_析构
Animal_析构
-------------------
我是大象 我会上树
elephant_析构
Animal_析构
-------------------
我是猴子 我会跳舞
monkey_析构
Animal_析构
-------------------
2.用函数模板实现不同数据类型的交换功能
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
void fun(T &a,T &b)
{
T temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
int main()
{
int a=10,b = 20;
double k1 = 1.3,k2 = 2.5;
float f1 = 0.5,f2 = 1.2;
cout << "================="<< endl;
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
fun(a,b);
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
cout << "================="<< endl;
cout << k1 << " " << k2 << endl;
fun(k1,k2);
cout << k1 << " " << k2 << endl;
cout << "================="<< endl;
cout << f1 << " " << f2 << endl;
fun(f1,f2);
cout << f1 << " " << f2 << endl;;
return 0;
}
--------------------------------
=================
10 20
20 10
=================
1.3 2.5
2.5 1.3
=================
0.5 1.2
1.2 0.5
3.Xmain