在上一个博客中我们对string类进行了简单了解,我们知道了string类的一些常用的函数,这篇博客我们就来模拟实现一下string。
string中的成员变量
class mystring
{
private:
char* _str; // 用来存放字符串
size_t _size; // 字符串中的有效字符
size_t _capacity; // 字符串的容量
};
构造函数
默认构造函数
class mystring
{
public:
void string(const char* str="") // 给构造函数一个缺省值
:_str(new char[1])
,_size(strlen(str))
,_capacity(_size)
{
assert(nullptr != str); // 不能给构造函数传空指针
_str = new char[_capacity + 1]; // 因为一个字符串有一个隐藏的'\0'
strcpy(_str, str);
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
拷贝构造
有时我们需要通过一个字符串对象来构造一个新的对象,而默认生成的拷贝构造只能实现浅拷贝,浅拷贝会导致我们在析构的时候出现问题,即对同一块内存重复释放,所以我们要自己实现拷贝构造。
class mystring
{
public:
void string(const string& s)
:_size(s.size())
,_capacity(s.capacity())
{
_str = new char[strlen(s._str)]; // 重新申请一块空间
strcpy(_str, s._str); // 将要拷贝的string类对象拷贝到新空间
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
通过一个字符串的子串来创建string对象的构造方法
class mystring
{
public:
void string(const char* str, size_t n)
:_size(n)
,_capacity(_size)
{
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
int i = 0;
while(i < n)
{
_str[i] = str[i];
++i;
}
_str[_size] = '\0'; // 需要加一个'\0'到数组中,才是完成的字符串
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
通过n个重复的字符来构造对象
class mystring
{
public:
void string(size_t n, char c)
:_size(n)
,_capacity(_size)
{
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
_str[i] = c;
}
_str[_szie] = '\0';
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
析构函数
class mystring
{
public:
~string()
{
delete[] _str; // 释放掉申请的空间
_str = nullptr;
_size = 0;
_capacity = 0;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写string的一些运算符
重写string的=符号
class mystring
{
public:
// 通过一个string对象赋值给一个string对象
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
if(&s != this)
{
delete[] _str; // 先释放原有的空间
_str = new char[s.capacity];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_capacity = s._capacity;
_size = s._size;
}
return *this;
}
// 通过一个字符串给一个string对象赋值
string& operator=(const char* str)
{
delete[] _str;
_size = strlen(str);
_capacity = _size;
_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, str);
return *this;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写下标访问符 [ ]
class mystring
{
public:
char& operator[](size_t index)
{
assert(index < _size);
return _str[index];
}
// const对象访问的[]的下标访问符
const char& operator[](size_t index) const
{
assert(index < _size);
return _str[index];
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写==符号
class mystring
{
public:
bool operator==(const string& s) const
{
if(_size != s._size)
{
return false;
}
size_t i = 0;
while(i < _size)
{
if(_str[i] != s.str[i])
{
return false;
}
else
{
++i;
}
}
return true;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写+=符号
class mystring
{
public:
string& operator+=(const string& s)
{
int i = 0;
size_t sz = s._size;
while (i < sz)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
if (_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = sz;
}
this->reserve(_capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size++] = s._str[i++];
}
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
string& operator+=(const char* s)
{
size_t sz = strlen(s);
int i = 0;
while (i < sz)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
if (_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = sz;
}
this->reserve(_capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size++] = s[i++];
}
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
string& operator+=(char c)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
if (_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = 1;
}
reserve(_capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size++] = c;
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写>和<符号
class mystring
{
public:
// 重写 <
bool operator<(const string& s) const
{
int ret = strcmp(_str, s._str);
if (ret < 0)
{
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
// 重写 >
bool operator>(const string& s)const
{
int ret = strcmp(_str, s._str);
if (ret > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
重写>>和<<
class mystring
{
public:
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& out, tpm::string& str);
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& in, const tpm::string& str);
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, tpm::string& str)
{
str.clear();
char ch = in.get();
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
str += ch;
ch = in.get();
}
return in;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const tpm::string& str)
{
for (int i = 0; i < str._size; ++i)
{
out << str[i];
}
return out;
}
}
迭代器
string的迭代器很简单,就是在string中定义一个内置类型
class mystring
{
public:
typedef char* iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str+_size;
}
// 实现const迭代器
iterator begin() const
{
return _str;
}
iterator end() const
{
return _str + _size;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
改变string的大小
实现resize函数,它可以申请空间 ,并用n个字符进行初始化
class mystring
{
public:
void resize(size_t n, char c)
{
if(n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[ n + 1 ];
_capacity = n;
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
}
for(int i = _size; i < _capacity; ++i)
{
_str[i] = c;
}
_size = _capacity;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
// 申请空间但是不初始化
void resize(size_t n)
{
if(n < _size)
{
_szie = n;
}
if(n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[n+1];
_capacity = n;
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
}
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
reserve函数,它只改变string的大小,不对空间进行初始化
class mystring
{
public:
void reserve(size_t n)
{
if(n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
_capacity = n;
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
}
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
实现字符串的字符尾插
class mystring
{
public:
void push_back(char c)
{
if(_size == _capacity)
{
size_t sz = _capacity == 0?4:_capacity *2;
char* tmp = new char[sz+1];
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_capacity = sz;
}
_str[_size] = c;
++_size;
_str[_size] = '\0';
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
向一个字符串对象追加一个字符串
class mystring
{
public:
string& append(const string& s)
{
int i = 0;
size_t sz = s._size;
while(i < sz)
{
if(_size == _capacity)
{
if(_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = sz;
}else
{
this->reserve(sz+1);
}
}
_str[_size++] = s._str[i++];
}
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
string& append(const char* s)
{
size_t sz = strlen(s);
int i = 0;
while (i < sz)
{
if (_size == _capacity)
{
if (_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = sz;
}
this->reserve(_capacity * 2);
}
_str[_size++] = s[i++];
}
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
获取字符串属性的函数
class mystring
{
public:
// 实现string类的c_str()函数
const char* c_str() const
{
return _str;
}
// 实现string类的size()函数,获取string的有效字符个数
size_t size() const
{
return _size;
}
// 实现string类的capacity()函数,返回容器大小
size_t capacity() const
{
return _capacity;
}
// 实现string类的empty()函数
bool empty() const
{
if (_size == 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
}
实现字符串的插入和删除
class mystring
{
public:
// 实现string类的insert函数
string& insert(size_t pos, char c)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
if (_size >= _capacity)
{
if (_capacity == 0)
{
_capacity = 2;
}
this->reserve(_capacity * 2);
}
int i = _size;
while (i >= (int)pos)
{
_str[i + 1] = _str[i];
--i;
}
_str[pos] = c;
_size += 1;
return *this;
}
string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
assert(str);
assert(pos <= _size);
size_t step = strlen(str);
size_t sz = strlen(str) + _size;
if (sz >= _capacity)
{
reserve(sz * 2);
}
int i = _size;
while (i >= (int)pos)
{
_str[i + step] = _str[i];
--i;
}
int p = pos;
int j = 0;
while (p < (int)pos + step)
{
_str[p++] = str[j++];
}
_size += step;
_str[_size] = '\0';
return *this;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
}
字符串的删除erase函数
class mystring
{
public:
// 实现string类的erase函数
string& erase(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
if (pos + len >= _size)//pos位置之后全为0
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else
{
strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
_size -= len;
}
return *this;
}
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
}