Java设计模式之中介者模式

中介者模式（Mediator Pattern）是一种行为型设计模式，它通过引入一个中介者对象来封装一系列对象之间的交互，使这些对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而降低了对象之间的耦合度。

以下是一个简单的 Java 中介者模式示例：

interface Mediator {
    void communicate(String message, Colleague colleague);
}

class ConcreteMediator implements Mediator {
    private Colleague1 colleague1;
    private Colleague2 colleague2;

    public void setColleague1(Colleague1 colleague1) {
        this.colleague1 = colleague1;
    }

    public void setColleague2(Colleague2 colleague2) {
        this.colleague2 = colleague2;
    }

    @Override
    public void communicate(String message, Colleague colleague) {
        if (colleague == colleague1) {
            colleague2.receive(message);
        } else if (colleague == colleague2) {
            colleague1.receive(message);
        }
    }
}

abstract class Colleague {
    protected Mediator mediator;

    public Colleague(Mediator mediator) {
        this.mediator = mediator;
    }
}

class Colleague1 extends Colleague {

    public Colleague1(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public void send(String message) {
        mediator.communicate(message, this);
    }

    public void receive(String message) {
        System.out.println("Colleague1 收到消息: " + message);
    }
}

class Colleague2 extends Colleague {

    public Colleague2(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public void send(String message) {
        mediator.communicate(message, this);
    }

    public void receive(String message) {
        System.out.println("Colleague2 收到消息: " + message);
    }
}

public class MediatorPatternExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteMediator mediator = new ConcreteMediator();

        Colleague1 colleague1 = new Colleague1(mediator);
        Colleague2 colleague2 = new Colleague2(mediator);

        mediator.setColleague1(colleague1);
        mediator.setColleague2(colleague2);

        colleague1.send("Hello from Colleague1");
        colleague2.send("Hi from Colleague2");
    }
}

在上述示例中：

• Mediator 接口定义了中介者的通信方法。
• ConcreteMediator 实现了中介者的具体逻辑，决定如何在同事对象之间传递消息。
• Colleague 是抽象同事类，具体的同事类 Colleague1 和 Colleague2 继承自它。
• 在 main 方法中创建了中介者和同事对象，并设置它们之间的关联，然后通过同事对象发送消息，由中介者进行协调传递。

中介者模式适用于多个对象之间复杂的交互关系，通过中介者进行集中管理，使系统更易于维护和扩展。