错误总结：LNK2019无法解析的外部符号

1.问题描述：

在学习数据结构的时候看到了一个线性表实现的实例，按照书上的代码编程后，出现了错误LNK2019，如图：

我的项目文件目录如下：
-SeqList
-SeqList.h
-SeqList.cpp
-PHONEBOOK.h
-PHONEBOOK.cpp
-Main.cpp
各文件的代码如下：
SeqList.h

#pragma once

template<class T, int N>
class SeqList {
public:
	SeqList();
	SeqList(const T a[], int n);
	int GetLength();
	void PrintList();
	void Insert(int i, T x);
	T Delete(int i);
	T Get(int i);
	int Locate(T x);
private:
	T data[N];
	int length;
};

SeqList.cpp

#include"SeqList.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T, int N>
SeqList<T, N>::SeqList() {
	length = 0;
}

template<class T, int N>
SeqList<T, N>::SeqList(const T a[], int n) {
	if (n > N) throw "The length of the array is out of the maximum length of the SeqList";
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		data[i] = a[i];
	length = n;
}

template<class T, int N>
int SeqList<T, N>::GetLength() {
	return length;
}

template<class T, int N>
void SeqList<T, N>::PrintList() {
	cout << "Print every element of the SeqList in order: " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
		cout << data[i] << " ";
	cout << endl;
}

template<class T, int N>
void SeqList<T, N>::Insert(int i, T x) {
	if (length >= N) throw "Overflow Exception";
	if (i < 1 || i >= length + 1) throw "Location Exception";
	for (int j = length; j >= i; j--)
		data[j] = data[j - 1];
	data[i - 1] = x;
	length++;
}

template<class T, int N>
T SeqList<T, N>::Delete(int i) {
	if (0 == length) throw "Underflow Exception";
	if (i<1 || i>length) throw "Location Exception";
	T x = data[i - 1];
	for (int j = i; j < length; j++)
		data[j - 1] = data[j];
	length--;
	return x;
}

template<class T, int N>
T SeqList<T, N>::Get(int i) {
	if (i<1 || i>length) throw "Location Exception";
	return data[i - 1];
}

template<class T, int N>
int SeqList<T, N>::Locate(T x) {
	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
		if (data[i] == x) return i + 1;
	return 0;
}

PHONEBOOK.h

#pragma once
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class PHONEBOOK {
private:
	int m_ID;
	string m_name;
	string m_phone;
	string m_group;
public:
	PHONEBOOK();
	PHONEBOOK(int id, const char* name, const char* phone, const char* group);
	void print();
	bool operator==(PHONEBOOK& p);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, PHONEBOOK& p);
};

PHONEBOOK.cpp

#include"PHONEBOOK.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

PHONEBOOK::PHONEBOOK() {
	m_ID = 0;
	m_name = "null";
	m_phone = "null";
	m_group = "null";
}

PHONEBOOK::PHONEBOOK(int id, const char* name, const char* phone, const char* group) {
	m_ID = id;
	m_name = name;
	m_phone = phone;
	m_group = group;
}

void PHONEBOOK::print() {
	cout << m_ID << '\t' << m_name << '\t' << m_phone << '\t' << m_group << endl;
}

bool PHONEBOOK::operator==(PHONEBOOK& p) {
	if (p.m_ID == m_ID)
		return true;
	return false;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, PHONEBOOK& p) {
	output << p.m_ID << '\t' << p.m_name << '\t' << p.m_phone << '\t' << p.m_group;
	return output;
}

Main.cpp

#include"SeqList.h"
#include"PHONEBOOK.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	PHONEBOOK pbook[4] = {
		{20181208,"Mary","13011221827","classmates"},
		{20181127,"Tom","13934621123","family"},
		{20181156,"John","1324579880","classmates"},
		{20181133,"Lisa","1378001822","classmates"}, };
	PHONEBOOK record(20181209, "phoenix", "15930209020", "teacher");
	SeqList<PHONEBOOK, 100>list(pbook, 4);
	cout << "The list of the Phonebook:" << endl;
	list.PrintList();
	list.Insert(1, record);
	cout << "The list of the Phonebook:" << endl;
	list.PrintList();
	PHONEBOOK x = list.Delete(3);
	cout << "The deleted element:" << endl;
	x.print();
	cout << "The list of the Phonebook:" << endl;
	list.PrintList();
	int p = list.Locate(record);
	cout << "The location of 'phoenix' is " << p << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.问题解决

关于LNK2019错误的原因有很多，详见Visual Studio的官方文档。我的这种情况主要原因是模板类SeqList的声明和定义分成两个文档，这会导致编译通过不了。因此我将SeqList类的声明和定义均放到SeqList.h文件中，解决了问题。
关于模板类的声明和定义能否分成两个文档，可以参考知乎的一个问答：https://www.zhihu.com/question/20630104