Passing Data Between Activities

Creating an activity typically involves touching at least three files: the Java class file, an XML layout,
and the application manifest.

Intent是一个重要概念

An intent is an object that a component can use to communicate with the OS. The only components
you have seen so far are activities, but there are also services, broadcast receivers, and content
providers.

Intent在这里的目的：

1) 用来启动activity;

2) 使用intent extras在创建intent时添加需传送的信息，类似于intent构造函数的参数;

Step1: 在接收方的Activity中创建一个newIntent方法【依赖倒置原则，甲方才知道自己需要什么数据】

private static final String EXTRA_ANSWER_IS_TRUE =
        "com.bignerdranch.android.geoquiz.answer_is_true";
public static Intent newIntent(Context packageContext, boolean answerIsTrue) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(packageContext, CheatActivity.class);
    intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ANSWER_IS_TRUE, answerIsTrue);
    return intent;
}

Step2: Launching CheatActivity with an extra（在发送方中创建新的activity）

boolean answerIsTrue = mQuestionBank[mCurrentIndex].isAnswerTrue();
Intent intent = CheatActivity.newIntent(QuizActivity.this, answerIsTrue);
startActivity(intent);

Step3: 保存发送方发送的数据

private boolean mAnswerIsTrue;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_cheat);
    mAnswerIsTrue = getIntent().getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_ANSWER_IS_TRUE, false);
}

Step4: 接收方应用发送来的数据

mAnswerIsTrue = getIntent().getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_ANSWER_IS_TRUE, false);
mShowAnswerButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.show_answer_button);
mShowAnswerButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if (mAnswerIsTrue) {
            mAnswerTextView.setText(R.string.true_button);
        } else {
            mAnswerTextView.setText(R.string.false_button);
        }
    }
});

Getting a result back from a child activity

Step1: 给子activity发送一个请求码以标识

startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_CHEAT); //给子activity发送一个请求码

Step2: 把子activity中用户操作返回给前一个activity

private void setAnswerShownResult(boolean isAnswerShown) {
    Intent data = new Intent();
    data.putExtra(EXTRA_ANSWER_SHOWN, isAnswerShown);
    //调用Activity的setResult方法来返回数据给QuizActivity
    //其与QuizActivity的onActivityResult是呼应的。这个方法类似于“激发事件”
    setResult(RESULT_OK, data);
}

Step3: 访问子activity发送来的数据

//这个方法类似于“事件相应函数”.此方法由ActivityManager来调用
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        return;
    }
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_CHEAT) {
        if (data == null) {
            return;
        }
        mIsCheater = CheatActivity.wasAnswerShown(data);
    }
}

Step4: 应用返回的数据

private void checkAnswer(boolean userPressedTrue) {
    boolean answerIsTrue = mQuestionBank[mCurrentIndex].isAnswerTrue();
    int messageResId = 0;
    if (mIsCheater) {
        messageResId = R.string.judgment_toast;
    } else {
        if (userPressedTrue == answerIsTrue) {
            messageResId = R.string.correct_toast;
        } else {
            messageResId = R.string.incorrect_toast;
        }
    }
    Toast.makeText(this, messageResId, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}