关于循环遍历map容器，erase元素的问题

1.

int main ()
{
    std::map<char,int> mymap;
    mymap['a'] = 100;
    mymap['b'] = 200;
    mymap['c'] = 300;
    mymap['d'] = 400;
    mymap['e'] = 500;
    mymap['f'] = 600;

    for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++) {
        if ( it->first == 'b' ) {
            std::cout << "erase b" << endl;
            mymap.erase ( 'b' );
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

 it这个iterator已经失效了，针对这种错误就不再具体解释了

2.为了方便直接这样删除了元素，发现也能正常运行，也没去关注，最近才发现这样做是不可取的，看下面的情况：

int main ()
{
    std::map<char,int> mymap;
    mymap['a'] = 100;
    mymap['b'] = 200;
    mymap['c'] = 300;
    mymap['d'] = 400;
    mymap['e'] = 500;
    mymap['f'] = 600;


    for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++) {
        std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << endl;
        if ( it->first == 'b' ) {
            std::cout << "erase b" << endl;
            mymap.erase ( 'b' );
        }
        std::cout << "----------------------" << endl;
        for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it) {
            std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << endl;
        }


    }
    return 0;
}

发现跳过了c，这是为什么？

原因：我们假设迭代器有6个位置0,1,2,3,4,5，对应a,b,c,d,e,f, 当删除b后 ,内容变成了0,1,2,3,4 对应a,c,d,e,f, 迭代器位置为2 ,2的位置对应了d，跳过了c

正确用法：

int main ()
{
    std::map<char,int> mymap;
    mymap['a'] = 100;
    mymap['b'] = 200;
    mymap['c'] = 300;
    mymap['d'] = 400;
    mymap['e'] = 500;
    mymap['f'] = 600;

    for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ) {
        std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << endl;
        if ( it->first == 'b' ) {
            std::cout << "erase b" << endl;
            mymap.erase ( it++ );
        }
        else {
            it++;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "----------------------" << endl;
    for (std::map<char,int>::iterator it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

结果：

诶，万事都不能偷懒啊， 一偷懒就给自己挖坑