第一章：基础知识
>>> from __future__ import division #实现斜杠/为除，而不是整除
>>> 1 // 2 #实现整除
>>> 2 ** 3 #实现指数
>>> pow(2,3) #实现指数函数
>>> 0xAF #十六进制
>>> 010 #八进制
>>> x = input("x:") #输入的时候要带着格式，字符串要加引号
>>> x = raw_input("y:") #输入的时候不用加格式，直接转换为字符串
>>> import math #导入模块
>>> math.floor(342.34)
342.0
>>> from math import sqrt #下面不用再加math
>>> sqrt(9)
3.0
>>> import cmath #复数
>>> cmath.sqrt(-1)
1j
>>> print "Hello" #单引号和双引号可以交叉使用，都可以用
Hello
>>> print 'Hello'
Hello
>>> print "Let's go!" #字符串有单，就用双
Let's go!
>>> print '"Hello!"' #字符串有双，就用单
"Hello!"
>>> print 'Let\'s go' #转义字符
Let's go
>>> 1+2+3\ #反斜杠可以作为换行符
+4+5
15
>>> print 'Hello,\nworld' #\n作为换行符
Hello,
world
>>> print r'C:\nowhere' #前面加个r就实现原始字符，不再考虑转义字符了
C:\nowhere
>>> print r'C:\Program Files\fnord'
C:\Program Files\fnord
本章的新函数
第二章：列表和元组
参考学习内容：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b5039210100e9yd.html
>>> name = 'Alex'
>>> name[0] #第一个
'A'
>>> name[-1] #从最后一个倒回去
'x'
>>> 'Hello'[1] #直接用
'e'
>>> fourth = raw_input('Year:')[3]
Year:2005
>>> fourth
'5'
2-1
months = [
'January',
'Feburuary',
'March',
'April',
'May',
'June',
'July',
'August',
'September',
'October',
'November',
'December'
]
endings=['st','nd','rd'] + 17*['th']\
+['st','nd','rd'] + 7 * ['th']\
+['st']
year = raw_input('Year:')
month = raw_input('Month(1-12):')
day = raw_input('Day(1-31):')
month_number = int(month)
day_number = int(day)
month_name = months[month_number-1]
ordinal = day + endings[day_number-1]
print month_name + ' ' + ordinal + ', ' + year
Year:2011
Month(1-12):11
Day(1-31):11
November 11th, 2011>>> tag = '<a href="http://www.python.org">Python web site</a>'
>>> tag[9:30]
'http://www.python.org'
>>> tag[32:-4]
'Python web site'>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[3:6]
[4, 5, 6]
>>> numbers[0:1]
[1]
>>> numbers[8:]
[9, 10]
>>> numbers[-3:]
[8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[:]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
# Split up a URL of the form http://www.something.com
url = raw_input('Please enter the URL: ')
domain = url[11:-4]
print "Domain name: " + domainPlease enter the URL: http://www.baidu.com
Domain name: baidu更大的步长
>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> numbers[0:10:1]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> numbers[0:10:2]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> numbers[0:10:3]
[1, 4, 7, 10]
>>> numbers[0:10:-2]
[]
>>> numbers[::-2]
[10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[5::-2]
[6, 4, 2]
>>> numbers[:5:-2]
[10, 8]
序列相加
>>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> a = [1,3,5]
>>> b = [2,4,6 ]
>>> c = a + b
>>> c
[1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6]乘法
>>> 'python'*5
'pythonpythonpythonpythonpython'
>>> [42]*10
[42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42]>>> sequence = [None] * 10
>>> sequence
[None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]sentence = raw_input("Sentence: ")
screen_width = 80
text_width = len(sentence)
box_width = text_width + 6
left_margin = (screen_width - box_width) // 2
print
print ' ' * left_margin + '+' + '-' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print ' ' * left_margin + '| ' + ' ' * text_width + ' |' #注意空格
print ' ' * left_margin + '| ' + sentence + ' |'
print ' ' * left_margin + '| ' + ' ' * text_width + ' |'
print ' ' * left_margin + '+' + '-' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print
成员资格(in)
>>> permissions = 'rw'
>>> 'w' in permissions
True
>>> 'x' in permissions
False
>>> users = ['mlh','foo','bar']
>>> raw_input('Enter your user name:') in users
Enter your user name:mlh
True
>>> subject = '$$Get rich now!!!$$$'
>>> '$$$' in subject
True
database = [
['albert', '1234'],
['dilbert', '4242'],
['smith', '7524'],
['jones', '9843']
]
username = raw_input('User name: ')
pin = raw_input('PIN code: ')
if [username, pin] in database: print 'Access granted'User name: smith
PIN code: 7524
Access granted>>> numbers = [100,34,679]
>>> len(numbers)
3
>>> max(numbers)
679
>>> min(numbers)
34
>>> max(2,3)
3
>>> min(8,3,4,2)
2>>> list('hello')
['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
>>> lists = list('hello')
>>> lists
['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']>>> x = [1,1,1]
>>> x[1]
1
>>> x[2] = 2
>>> x
[1, 1, 2]>>> names = ['Alice','Beth','Cecil','Dee-Dee','Earl']
>>> del names[2]
>>> names
['Alice', 'Beth', 'Dee-Dee', 'Earl']分片赋值、插入新的元素
>>> name = list('Perl')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'r', 'l']
>>> name[2:] = list('ar')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'a', 'r']
>>> name[1:] = list('ython')
>>> name
['P', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
>>> numbers = [1,5]
>>> numbers[1:1] = [2,3,4]
>>> numbers
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> numbers[1:4] = []
>>> numbers
[1, 5]append
>>> lst = [1,2,3]
>>> lst.append(4)
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3, 4]>>> [2,4,3,2,4,5,6,2,6].count(2)
3
>>> x = [[2,3],[3,4],[2,5]]
>>> x.count(1)
0
>>> x.count([2,3])
1>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = [4,5,6]
>>> a.extend(b)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]>>> knights = ['We','are','the','knight','who','say','in']
>>> knights.index('who')
4
insert
>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> numbers.insert(3,'four')
>>> numbers
[1, 2, 3, 'four', 4, 5, 6]
>>> numbers[4:4] = ['four']
>>> numbers
[1, 2, 3, 'four', 'four', 4, 5, 6]
>>> >>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> x.append(x.pop())
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]>>> x = ['to','be','or','not','to','be']
>>> x.remove('be')
>>> x
['to', 'or', 'not', 'to', 'be']>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> list(reversed(x))
[3, 2, 1]>>> x = [4,6,2,3,8,1]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8]>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9]
>>> y = x[:]
>>> y.sort()
>>> x
[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9]
>>> y
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]>>> x = [3,2,5,4,6]
>>> y = x
>>> y.sort()
>>> x
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> y
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]>>> x = [4,6,2,1,7,9]
>>> y = sorted(x)
>>> x
[4, 6, 2, 1, 7, 9]
>>> y
[1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]>>> cmp(42,32)
1
>>> cmp(99,100)
-1
>>> numbers = [5,3,9,7]
>>> numbers.sort(cmp)
>>> numbers
[3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> x = ['aadkfjl','dkfjl','eori','dkf']
>>> x.sort(key = len)
>>> x
['dkf', 'eori', 'dkfjl', 'aadkfjl']
>>> x = [3,4,6,2,5]
>>> x.sort(reverse = True) #大小写敏感的！！！
>>> x
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
>>> 1,2,4
(1, 2, 4)
>>> 43
43
>>> 34,
(34,)
>>> (1,2,5)
(1, 2, 5)
>>> (43,)
(43,)
tuple函数
>>> tuple([1,2,4])
(1, 2, 4)
>>> tuple('abc')
('a', 'b', 'c')
>>> tuple((1,2,3))
(1, 2, 3)>>> x = 1,2,4
>>> x
(1, 2, 4)
>>> x[1]
2
>>> x[0:2]
(1, 2)
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