mini2440 LED驱动程序之完全剖析

说明

mini2440中提供的内核自带了LED的驱动程序，但该驱动是以杂项设备的形式编写，不太适合初学者，作者根据LDD3第三章内容将代码进行了修改，希望对一些初学者有所帮助

转载请说明出处：

http://blog.csdn.net/alleincao/article/details/7362558

驱动程序：

#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>

#include <linux/device.h>	//用于mdev操作

#define DEVICE_NAME "leds"

unsigned int gpio_major_number=0;
struct cdev gpio_dev;
struct class *gpio_class;
dev_t dev_nr;

static unsigned long led_table [] = {
	S3C2410_GPB(5),
	S3C2410_GPB(6),
	S3C2410_GPB(7),
	S3C2410_GPB(8),
};

static unsigned int led_cfg_table [] = {
	S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT,
	S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT,
	S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT,
	S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT,
};

static int sbc2440_leds_ioctl(
	struct inode *inode, 
	struct file *file, 
	unsigned int cmd, 
	unsigned long arg)
{
	switch(cmd) {
	case 0:
	case 1:
		if (arg > 4) {
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		s3c2410_gpio_setpin(led_table[arg], !cmd);
		return 0;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}
}

static struct file_operations gpio_fops = {
	.owner	=	THIS_MODULE,
	.ioctl	=	sbc2440_leds_ioctl,
};

static int __init dev_init(void)
{
	int ret,i;


	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {		//引脚初始化
		s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(led_table[i], led_cfg_table[i]);
		s3c2410_gpio_setpin(led_table[i], 0);
	}


	ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_nr,0,1,DEVICE_NAME);	//动态分配设备号
	gpio_major_number = MAJOR(dev_nr);
	printk(KERN_INFO "Major Num ->%d\n",gpio_major_number);
	if (ret<0) 
	{
		printk(KERN_WARNING "gpio:can't get major number %d/n",gpio_major_number);
		return ret;
	}


	cdev_init(&gpio_dev,&gpio_fops);		//初始化并向系统添加字符设备
	gpio_dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
//	gpio_dev.ops   = &gpio_fops;
	ret = cdev_add(&gpio_dev,dev_nr,1);
	if (ret) 
	{
		unregister_chrdev_region(dev_nr,1);
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding gpio device/n",ret);
		return ret;
	}
	
	gpio_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "gpio_class");	//mdev相关，用于自动创建设备节点
	if(IS_ERR(gpio_class)) 
	{
		printk("Err: failed in creating class./n");
		return -1;
	}
	/* register your own device in sysfs, and this will cause mdev to create corresponding device node */
	device_create(gpio_class,NULL,dev_nr, NULL, "gpio_dev%d" ,0);//设备节点名称gpio_dev0


	return 0;
}


static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&gpio_dev);
	device_destroy(gpio_class,dev_nr);
	class_destroy(gpio_class);
	unregister_chrdev_region(dev_nr,1);
}

module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Allein.Cao");

测试程序：

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int on;
        int led_no;
        int fd;

        if (argc != 3 || sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &led_no) != 1 || sscanf(argv[2],"%d", &on) != 1 ||

            on < 0 || on > 1 || led_no < 0 || led_no > 3) {

                fprintf(stderr, "Usage: leds led_no 0|1\n");

                exit(1);
        }

        fd = open("/dev/gpio_dev0", 0);	//打开设备节点，需与驱动程序对应起来
        if (fd < 0) {
                perror("open device leds");
                exit(1);
        }
        ioctl(fd, on, led_no);
        close(fd);
        return 0;
}

驱动分析

这里就本程序里比较难理解的几个函数做一下解释：

首先，我们看几个宏：

S3C2410_GPB(_nr)
S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT
S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin) 
S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin) 

1、/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/gpio-nrs.h

#define S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(__gpio) \
	((__gpio##_START) + (__gpio##_NR) + CONFIG_S3C_GPIO_SPACE + 0)

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

enum s3c_gpio_number {
	S3C2410_GPIO_A_START = 0,
	S3C2410_GPIO_B_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_A),
	S3C2410_GPIO_C_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_B),
	S3C2410_GPIO_D_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_C),
	S3C2410_GPIO_E_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_D),
	S3C2410_GPIO_F_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_E),
	S3C2410_GPIO_G_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_F),
	S3C2410_GPIO_H_START = S3C2410_GPIO_NEXT(S3C2410_GPIO_G),
};

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

/* S3C2410 GPIO number definitions. */

#define S3C2410_GPA(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_A_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPB(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_B_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPC(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_C_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPD(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_D_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPE(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_E_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPF(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_F_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPG(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_G_START + (_nr))
#define S3C2410_GPH(_nr)	(S3C2410_GPIO_H_START + (_nr))

算得：

S3C2410_GPB(5) = 37；

2、/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/regs-gpio.h

/* general configuration options */

#define S3C2410_GPIO_LEAVE   (0xFFFFFFFF)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT   (0xFFFFFFF0)	/* not available on A */
#define S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT  (0xFFFFFFF1)	
#define S3C2410_GPIO_IRQ     (0xFFFFFFF2)	/* not available for all */
#define S3C2410_GPIO_SFN2    (0xFFFFFFF2)	/* bank A => addr/cs/nand */
#define S3C2410_GPIO_SFN3    (0xFFFFFFF3)	/* not available on A */
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_S3C2400
#define S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(x)  S3C2400_GPIO_BASE(x)
#define S3C24XX_MISCCR        S3C2400_MISCCR
#else
#define S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(x)  S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(x)
#define S3C24XX_MISCCR	      S3C24XX_GPIOREG2(0x80)
#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_S3C2400 */
...................................................
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin)   ((((pin) & ~31) >> 1) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO)  //S3C24XX_VA_GPIO代表GPIO模块首地址0x56000000在内核中的虚拟地址
#define S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin) ((pin) & 31) //得到某个引脚，见下面分析

下面分析关键的2个函数(以GPB5为例)

配置引脚(以配置为输出为例)

void s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(unsigned int pin, unsigned int function)
{
	void __iomem *base = S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(pin);//对GPB5来说，得到GPBCON虚拟地址
	unsigned long mask;
	unsigned long con;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (pin < S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB) {
		mask = 1 << S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);
	} else {
		mask = 3 << S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin)*2;//计算掩码，在GPBCON中，每个引脚由2位控制
	}

	switch (function) {
	case S3C2410_GPIO_LEAVE:
		mask = 0;
		function = 0;
		break;

	case S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT:
	case S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT:
	case S3C2410_GPIO_SFN2:
	case S3C2410_GPIO_SFN3:
		if (pin < S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB) {
			function -= 1;
			function &= 1;
			function <<= S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);
		} else {
			function &= 3;//得到要设置的功能，本例为1
			function <<= S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin)*2;
		}
	}

	/* modify the specified register wwith IRQs off */

	local_irq_save(flags);         //关中断

	con  = __raw_readl(base + 0x00);  //读取寄存器值
	con &= ~mask;                     //修改寄存器值
	con |= function;

	__raw_writel(con, base + 0x00);   //回写

	local_irq_restore(flags);      //打开中断
}

void s3c2410_gpio_setpin(unsigned int pin, unsigned int to)
{
	void __iomem *base = S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(pin);
	unsigned long offs = S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long dat;

	local_irq_save(flags);

	dat = __raw_readl(base + 0x04);//对GPBDAT来说，每个引脚由1个控制位控制
	dat &= ~(1 << offs);
	dat |= to << offs;
	__raw_writel(dat, base + 0x04);

	local_irq_restore(flags);
}