集合:NSArray、NSMutableArray、NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary、NSSet、NSMutableSet使用

    /*本文介绍了：NSArray（有序的集合，存储的元素在一个整块的内存中并按序排列）、
     NSMutableArray、
     NSDictionary（键值映射）、
     NSMutableDictionary、
     NSSet（无序的集合，散列存储）、
     NSMutableSet, 类方法参见官方API*/

    
    //一、数组 NSArray
    // 1‘创建数组
    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
    
    //2、-(unsigned) count数组所包含对象个数
    NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%lu", [array count]);
    
    //3、- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;获取指定索引处的对象;
    NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[array objectAtIndex:2]);
    
    //切分数组
    //4、从字符串分割到数组－ componentsSeparatedByString:
    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    [string release];
    
    //5、从数组合并元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:
    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
    NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    
    //二、从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)NSMutableArray
    //1、arrayWithArray:
    NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array2);
    
    NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    mutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array2];
    NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",mutableArray);
    
    NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
    array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array2];
    NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);
    
    //2、Copy
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
    
    id obj;
    for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
    {
        obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
        [newArray addObject: obj];
    }
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];
    
    //3、快速枚举
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSArray *oldArray2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@", oldArray2);
    
    for(id obj in oldArray2)
    {
        [newArray addObject: obj];
    }
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];
    
    //4、Deep copy
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
    
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault,  (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];
    
    //5、Copy and sort
    NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];
    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
    
    NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];
    id obj;
    while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])
    {
        [newArray addObject: obj];
    }
    [newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
    [newArray release];
    
    //6、给数组分配容量
    NSArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];
    
    //7、在数组末尾添加对象，- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    [array addObject:@"Four"];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    
    //8、删除数组中指定索引处对象,-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    [array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    
    //9、数组枚举，- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;从前向后
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
    id thingie;
    while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
    }
    
    //10、从后向前,-(NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
    id object;
    while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
    }
    
    //11、快速枚举
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
    for(NSString *string in array)
    {
        NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    }
    
    //三、字典 NSDictionary，key/value 方式，对应于Java中Map
    //1、创建字典,- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;
    NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
    NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
    [dictionary release];
    
    //四、可变字典 NSMutableDictionary
    //1、创建可变字典
    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    [dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
    [dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
    [dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
    [dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
    
    //2、删除指定的字典
    [dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
    NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
    
    //3、对任何对象进行包装NSValue, 将NSRect放入NSArray中,将NSRect放入NSArray中
    NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
    NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
    [array addObject:value];
    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
    
    //4、从Array中提取
    value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
    [value getValue:&rect];
    NSLog(@"value:%@",value);
    
    //5、从目录搜索扩展名为jpg的文件
    NSString *home = @"../Users/";
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];
    NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    
    NSString *filename;
    while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {
        if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){
            [files addObject:filename];
        }
    }
    
    //快速枚举
    for(NSString *filename in direnum){
        if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){
            [files addObject:filename];
        }
    }
    NSLog(@"files:%@",files);
    
    //6、枚举
    NSEnumerator *filenum = [files objectEnumerator];
    while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);
    }
    
    //快速枚举
    for(id object in files){
        NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
    }
    
    //五、NSSet
    //1、NSSet的使用
    /*
     [NSSet setWithSet:(NSSet *)set]; 用另外一个set对象构造
     [NSSet setWithArray:(NSArray *)array];用数组构造
     [NSSet setWithObjects:...]:创建集合对象，并且初始化集合中的数值，结尾必需使用nil标志。
     [set count] ; 得到这个结合对象的长度。
     [set containsObject:...]: 判断这个集合中是否存在传入的对象，返回Bool值。
     [set objectEnumerator]: 将集合放入迭代器。
     [enumerator nextObject]:得到迭代器中的下一个节点数据，使用while遍历这个迭代器，方可遍历集合对象中的对象。
     [set isEqualToSet:objset]:判断两个集合是否完全相等,返回Bool值。
     [set isSubsetOfSet:objset]:判断集合中的所有数据是否都相等与objeset集合中,返回Bool值。
     [set allObjects];
     */
    NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"25",@"age",@"张三",@"name",@"男",nil];
    NSSet *set1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"25",@"age",@"张三",@"name",@"男",@"性别",nil];
    NSLog(@"set count:%lu", [set count]);
    
    //判断是否含有age字符串
    if([set containsObject:@"age"]) {
        NSLog(@"set包含age");
    }
    
    //判断set 是否等于set1
    if ([set isEqualToSet:set1]) {
        NSLog(@"set 等于 set1");
    }
    
    //判断set是否是否是set1的子集合
    if ([set isSubsetOfSet:set1]) {
        NSLog(@"set isSubsetOfSet set1");
    }
    
    //获取所有set对象
    NSArray *array = [set allObjects];
    NSLog(@"array:%@", array);
    
    //迭代遍历
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [set objectEnumerator];
    for (NSObject *object in enumerator) {
        NSLog(@"set1里的对象:%@", object);
    }
    
    //六、NSMutableSet的使用
    /*
     NSMutableSet继承NSSet，它可以使用NSSet的方法。
     [NSMutableSet setWithCapacity:6]:创建可变集合对象，并且初始化长度为6。
     [set addObject: obj] : 向集合中动态的添加对象。
     [set removeObject:obj]:删除集合中的一个对象。
     [set removeAllObjects]:删除集合中的所有对象。
     [set unionSet:obj]:向集合中添加一个obj集合的所有数据。
     [set minusSet:obj]:向集合中删除一个obj集合的所有数据。
     [set intersectSet]:向集合中删除一个不包含obj集合的所有数据。
     */
    //集合NSMutableSet中不能存在重复的对象
    NSMutableSet *set1 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3", nil];
    NSMutableSet *set2 = [[NSMutableSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"1",@"5",@"6", nil];
    [set1 unionSet:set2];      //取并集1，2，3，5，6
    [set1 intersectSet:set2];  //取交集1
    [set1 minusSet:set2];      //取差集2，3，5，6