Spring Boot JPA 本机查询示例

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 15:03:08 发布

allway2

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 15:03:08 发布

阅读量450

点赞数

文章标签： spring boot spring java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/allway2/article/details/128067881

版权

在本教程中，您将了解如何在 Spring 引导中使用 Spring Data JPA 本机查询示例（带参数）。我将向您展示：

将 Spring JPA 本机查询与@Query注释一起使用的方法
如何在 Spring 引导中执行 SQL 查询
具有 WHERE 条件的 JPA 选择查询示例

相关文章：
–Spring JPA @Query Spring Boot 中的 JPQL 示例 – Spring Boot
中的 JPA 派生查询示例 – Spring Boot 中的 JPA 实体管理器示例–Spring Boot， Spring Data JPA – Rest CRUD API 示例–Spring Boot
分页和排序示例– 带有多部分文件的
Spring
启动文件上传示例

–Spring Boot Authentication with Spring Security & JWT
–Spring JPA + H2 example–Spring JPA + MySQL example–Spring JPA + PostgreSQL example–Spring JPA + Oracle example–Spring JPA + SQL Server example

– Spring JPA + SQL Server 示例

关联：
–JPA 在春季引导中使用休眠的一对一示例–使用休眠和春季引导的 JPA 一对多示例–JPA 多对多示例与春季引导

中的休眠示例

内容[隐藏]

JPQL 与本机查询

Spring JPA 同时支持 JPQL 和 Native Query。

Jakarta Persistence Query Language（JPQL;以前称为Java Persistence Query Language）是一种独立于平台的面向对象的查询语言，定义为Jakarta Persistence（JPA;以前称为Java Persistence API）规范的一部分 - 维基百科

JPQL 的灵感来自 SQL，其查询在语法上类似于 SQL 查询，但针对存储在关系数据库中的 JPA 实体对象进行操作，而不是直接使用数据库表。

以下是使用 JPQL 和@Query注释的自定义查询示例：

@Query("SELECT t FROM Tutorial t")
List<Tutorial> findAll();

@Query("SELECT t FROM Tutorial t WHERE t.published=true")
List<Tutorial> findByPublished();

有关更多详细信息，请访问：
Spring JPA @Query Spring Boot 中使用 JPQL 的示例

JPQL 仅支持 SQL 标准的子集。如果要进行复杂的查询，请查看本机 SQL 查询。
这是如何在 Spring Boot 中使用@Query注释执行 SQL 本机查询的方法：

在value属性中定义 SQL
将nativeQuery属性值设置为true

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findAllNative();

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=true", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByPublishedNative();

您需要注意：
– Spring Data JPA 不会将查询调整为数据库的特定 SQL 方言，因此请确保提供的语句受 RDBMS 支持。
– Spring Data JPA目前不支持本机查询的动态排序，因为它必须操作声明的实际查询，这对于本机SQL无法可靠地执行。

例如，我们不能在以下方法中使用动态排序：

// JPQL: ok
@Query("SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.title LIKE %?1%")
List<Tutorial> findByTitleAndSort(String title, Sort sort);

// Native query: throw InvalidJpaQueryMethodException
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.title LIKE %?1%", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByTitleAndSortNative(String title, Sort sort);

但是我们可以改用Pageable对象进行排序。

让我们看看我们如何在 Spring Boot 示例中进行 JPA 本机查询。

带有 Spring 引导的 Spring JPA 本机查询示例

–科技：

Java 8
Spring Boot 2.6.3 (with Spring Data JPA)
MySQL/PostgreSQL/H2 (embedded database)
Maven 3.8.1

– 项目结构：

让我简要解释一下。

Tutorial数据模型类对应于实体和表教程。
TutorialRepository是一个扩展JpaRepository的接口，用于 CRUD 方法和自定义查找器方法（使用本机查询）。它将被SpringBootQueryExampleApplication自动连接。
SpringBootQueryExampleApplication是SpringBootApplication实现CommandLineRunner。我们将在TutorialRepository里运行查询方法。
在application.properties中配置Spring Datasource，JPA和Hibernate。
pom.xml包含 Spring Boot 和 MySQL/PostgreSQL/H2 数据库的依赖项。

创建和设置 Spring Boot 项目

使用 Spring Web 工具或您的开发工具（Spring Tool Suite、Eclipse、Intellij）创建 Spring Boot 项目。

然后打开pom.xml并添加以下依赖项：

<!-- web for access H2 database UI -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

我们还需要再添加一个依赖项。
如果你想使用MySQL：

<dependency>
	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

– 或PostgreSQL：

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
	<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

– 或H2（嵌入式数据库）：

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
	<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

配置 Spring 数据源、JPA、Hibernate

在 src/main/resources 文件夹下，打开 application.properties 并编写这些行。

– 对于 MySQL：

spring.datasource.url= jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username= root
spring.datasource.password= 123456

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update

对于PostgreSQL：

spring.datasource.url= jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb
spring.datasource.username= postgres
spring.datasource.password= 123

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation= true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect= org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update

spring.datasource.username & spring.datasource.password属性与数据库安装相同。
Spring Boot 使用 Hibernate 进行 JPA 实现，我们配置 MySQL 或 PostgreSQLMySQL5InnoDBDialectPostgreSQLDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto用于数据库初始化。我们将值设置为值，以便在数据库中自动创建一个与定义的数据模型对应的表。对模型的任何更改也将触发对表的更新。对于生产，此属性应该是。updatevalidate

– 对于 H2 数据库：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=
 
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update

spring.h2.console.enabled=true
# default path: h2-console
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-ui

spring.datasource.url：用于内存数据库和基于磁盘的数据库。jdbc:h2:mem:[database-name]jdbc:h2:file:[path/database-name]
我们为 H2 数据库配置配置H2Dialect
spring.h2.console.enabled=true告诉 Spring 启动 H2 数据库管理工具，您可以在浏览器上访问此工具：http://localhost:8080/h2-console
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-ui用于 H2 控制台的 URL，因此默认 url 将更改为。http://localhost:8080/h2-consolehttp://localhost:8080/h2-ui

创建实体

在model 包中，我们定义类Tutorial。

教程具有以下字段：id, title, level, description, published, createdAt。

model/Tutorial.java

package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.model;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Date;

@Entity
@Table(name = "tutorials")
public class Tutorial {

  @Id
  @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
  private long id;

  private String title;

  private String description;
  
  private int level;

  private boolean published;
  
  @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
  private Date createdAt;

  public Tutorial() {

  }

  public Tutorial(String title, String description, int level, boolean published, Date createdAt) {
    this.title = title;
    this.description = description;
    this.level = level;
    this.published = published;
    this.createdAt = createdAt;
  }

  // getters and setters
}

–@Entity注释表示该类是持久性 Java 类。

–@Table注释提供映射此实体的表。

–@Id注释用于主键。
–@GeneratedValue注释用于定义主键的生成策略。

–@Temporal注释在时间戳和或java.util.Date之间来回转换到时间。例如，@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)删除时间值并仅保留日期。

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
private Date createdAt;

为 JPA 本机查询方法定义存储库

让我们创建一个存储库来与数据库进行交互。
在repository 包中，创建TutorialRepository扩展JpaRepository接口。

repository/TutorialRepository.java

package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.repository;

import com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.model.Tutorial;

public interface TutorialRepository extends JpaRepository<Tutorial, Long> {

}

在此接口中，我们将编写 JPA 本机查询（带参数）以从数据库中获取数据。

假设我们已经有了这样的tutorials 表：

JPA 本机查询选择位置条件示例

让我们使用@Query注释来创建带有 SELECT 和 WHERE 关键字的 Spring JPA 本机查询。

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findAll();

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByPublished(boolean isPublished);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.title LIKE %?1%", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByTitleLike(String title);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByTitleLikeCaseInsensitive(String title);

结果：

List<Tutorial> tutorials = new ArrayList<>();

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAll();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=2, title=Java Spring, description=Tut#2 Description, level=1, published=false, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=4, title=Spring Boot, description=Tut#4 Description, level=2, published=false, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(true);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("ata");
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLikeCaseInsensitive("dat");
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

大于或等于的 JPA 本机查询

Spring 数据 JPA 本机查询大于或等于日期/列：

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.level >= ?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByLevelGreaterThanEqual(int level);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.created_at >= ?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByDateGreaterThanEqual(Date date);

结果：

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelGreaterThanEqual(3);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

Date myDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-11");

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByDateGreaterThanEqual(myDate);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

JPA 本机查询之间

春季数据 JPA 本机查询日期/列之间：

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.level BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByLevelBetween(int start, int end);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.created_at BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByDateBetween(Date start, Date end);

结果：

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelBetween(3, 5);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

Date myDate1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-04-11");
Date myDate2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-11");

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByDateBetween(myDate1, myDate2);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=4, title=Spring Boot, description=Tut#4 Description, level=2, published=false, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
*/

带参数的 JPA 本机查询示例

在上面的例子中，我们使用位置参数：参数由它们在查询中的位置引用（定义后跟一个数字（？1，？2，...）。弹簧数据JPA将自动替换同一位置的每个参数的值。?

绑定值的另一种方法是命名参数。命名参数以参数名称开头（,, ...）。::title:date

例如：

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=:isPublished AND t.level BETWEEN :start AND :end", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByLevelBetween(@Param("start") int start, @Param("end") int end, @Param("isPublished") boolean isPublished);

结果：

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelBetween(3, 5, true);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

JPA 本机查询顺序（按描述/ASC）

Spring 数据 JPA 本机查询顺序按列进行筛选的示例：

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t ORDER BY t.level DESC", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findAllOrderByLevelDesc();

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%')) ORDER BY t.level ASC", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByTitleOrderByLevelAsc(String title);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=true ORDER BY t.created_at DESC", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findAllPublishedOrderByCreatedDesc();

结果：

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllOrderByLevelDesc();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=4, title=Spring Boot, description=Tut#4 Description, level=2, published=false, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=2, title=Java Spring, description=Tut#2 Description, level=1, published=false, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
*/

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleOrderByLevelAsc("at");
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllPublishedOrderByCreatedDesc();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
*/

JPA 本机查询排序依据

Spring Data JPA 目前不支持本机查询的动态排序，因为它必须操作声明的实际查询，这对于本机 SQL 无法可靠地执行此操作。但是，您可以通过自己指定计数查询来使用本机查询进行分页 - 官方 Spring 文档

/* InvalidJpaQueryMethodException
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
List<Tutorial> findByTitleAndSort(String title, Sort sort);
*/

那么，如何处理动态排序呢？
我们可以改用Pageable对象。例如：

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
Page<Tutorial> findByTitleLike(String title, Pageable pageable);

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=?1", nativeQuery = true)
Page<Tutorial> findByPublished(boolean isPublished, Pageable pageable);

结果：

Pageable pageable1 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("level").descending());

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("at", pageable1).getContent();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
*/

Pageable pageable2 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("title").descending());

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("at", pageable2).getContent();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
*/

Pageable pageable3 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("level").descending());

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(false, pageable3).getContent();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=4, title=Spring Boot, description=Tut#4 Description, level=2, published=false, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=2, title=Java Spring, description=Tut#2 Description, level=1, published=false, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
*/

JPA 本机查询分页

Spring Data JPA 本机查询示例使用类进行分页（带有排序和过滤）：Pageable

@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials", nativeQuery = true)
Page<Tutorial> findAllWithPagination(Pageable pageable);

结果：

int page = 0;
int size = 3;

Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllWithPagination(pageable).getContent();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=2, title=Java Spring, description=Tut#2 Description, level=1, published=false, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
*/

pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.by("level").descending());

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllWithPagination(pageable).getContent();
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=7, title=Spring Security, description=Tut#7 Description, level=5, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=6, title=Spring Batch, description=Tut#6 Description, level=4, published=false, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

JPA 本机查询更新

Spring Data JPA 本机查询，用于更新实体，同时使用：@Query@Transactional@Modifying

@Transactional
@Modifying
@Query(value = "UPDATE tutorials SET published=true WHERE id=?1", nativeQuery = true)
int publishTutorial(Long id);

结果：

tutorialRepository.deleteAll();

Date date1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-03-11");
Date date2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-04-26");
Date date3 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-19");

tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Data", "Tut#1 Description", 3, false, date1));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Java Spring", "Tut#2 Description", 1, false, date1));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Hibernate", "Tut#3 Description", 3, false, date2));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Boot", "Tut#4 Description", 2, false, date2));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Data JPA", "Tut#5 Description", 3, false, date3));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Batch", "Tut#6 Description", 4, false, date3));
tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Security", "Tut#7 Description", 5, false, date3));

List<Tutorial> tutorials = new ArrayList<>();

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAll();
show(tutorials); // published = false for all

tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(0).getId());
tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(2).getId());
tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(4).getId());

tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(true);
show(tutorials);
/*
Tutorial [id=1, title=Spring Data, description=Tut#1 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-03-11 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=3, title=Hibernate, description=Tut#3 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-04-26 00:00:00.0]
Tutorial [id=5, title=Spring Data JPA, description=Tut#5 Description, level=3, published=true, createdAt=2022-05-19 00:00:00.0]
*/

运行 Spring JPA 查询项目

让我们打开，我们将在这里实现和自动连线接口来运行 JPA 查询方法。SpringBootQueryExampleApplication.javaCommandLineRunnerTutorialRepository

package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query;

// import ...

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

  @Autowired
  TutorialRepository tutorialRepository;

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication.class, args);
  }

  @Override
  public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
    // call tutorialRepository methods here
  }

  private void show(List<Tutorial> tutorials) {
    tutorials.forEach(System.out::println);
  }
}

结论

今天我们已经知道如何在Spring Boot示例中使用注释使用Spring JPA Native查询（带参数）。@Query

您可以使用以下方法继续编写 CRUD Rest API：
Spring Boot、Spring Data JPA – Rest CRUD API 示例

如果要为 JPA 存储库编写单元测试：
Spring 引导单元测试带有 @DataJpaTest 的 JPA 存储库

您还可以通过本教程了解：
– 如何在 AWS 上部署此 Spring 启动应用程序（免费）。
– dockerize withDocker Compose： Spring Boot and MySQL 示例
– 通过这篇文章
上传 Excel 文件并将数据存储在 MySQL 数据库中的方法– 通过这篇文章上传 CSV 文件并将数据存储在 MySQL 中。

祝你学习愉快！再见。