SpringBoot 官方文档示例：(54)统一异常处理之@ControllerAdvice注解

可以通过@ControllerAdvice注解来进行统一异常处理。
一、自定义异常时返回的json格式：

package com.example.controller;

public class MyErrorBody {
    private int status;
    private String message;

    public int getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(int status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public MyErrorBody(int status, String message) {
        this.status = status;
        this.message = message;
    }
}

二、定义包含@ControllerAdvice的统一异常处理类：

package com.example.controller;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseEntityExceptionHandler;
//@ControllerAdvice(basePackageClasses = FirstController.class)
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = {"com.example"})
public class MyControllerAdvice extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<?> handleControllerException(HttpServletRequest request,
                                                       Throwable ex) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(new MyErrorBody(status.value(), ex.getMessage()),
                status);
    }
    private HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Integer code = (Integer)
                request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_STATUS_CODE);
        if(code==null){
            return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
        }
        HttpStatus status = HttpStatus.resolve(code);
        return (status != null) ? status : HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
    }
}

其中@ControllerAdvice注解的basePackages是个字符串数组，可以指定要进行统一处理的包名；也可以通过basePackageClasses来直接指定要进行统一处理的类，这个属性同样是字符串数组。
handleControllerException方法上的@ExceptionHandler注解中可以指定要处理的异常类型
三、定义controller,包含抛出异常的接口

package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class FirstController {
    @GetMapping("/getInfo")
    public String getInfo(){
        int t=1/0;
        return "info";
    }

}

四、postman调用，从结果可以看到返回了自定义的json格式