Python学习——A Day at the Supermarket小项目

前言

A Day at the Supermarket该项目用来回顾/强化之前学习Python的知识点。

1、Before We Begin

names = ["Adam","Alex","Mariah","Martine","Columbus"]
for elements in names:
    print elements

上述代码，使用for循环，将names这个list中的items逐个输出/打印出来——遍历。

2、This is Key！

对dictionary使用for循环，输出是无序的，即每次输出，“key/value对”的顺序是无序的。

webster = {
	"Aardvark" : "A star of a popular children's cartoon show.",
    "Baa" : "The sound a goat makes.",
    "Carpet": "Goes on the floor.",
    "Dab": "A small amount."
}

# Add your code below!
for key in webster:
    print webster[key]

输出结果如下：

3、Control Flow and Looping

在循环中，有选择性地输出数据

a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]

for item in a:
    if item % 2 == 0:
        print item

4、Lists + Functions

函数可以将List作为其输入参数，进行下一步操作运算

任务：Write a function that counts how many times the string "fizz" appears in a list.

# Write your function below!
def fizz_count(x):
    count = 0
    for item in x:
        if item == "fizz":
            count += 1
    return count

fizz_count(["fizz","cat","fizz"])

5、String Looping

字符串和list类似，其每个字符相当于元素，所以字符串也可以像list一样循环操作。

可参见下述代码：

for letter in "Codecademy":
    print letter
    
# Empty lines to make the output pretty
print
print

word = "Programming is fun!"

for letter in word:
    # Only print out the letter i
    if letter == "i":
        print letter

6、Your Own Store!

创建一个价格dictionary——prices

prices = {
    "banana": 4, 
    "apple": 2, 
    "orange": 1.5, 
    "pear": 3
}

7、Investing in Stock

创建一个库存dictionary——stock

stock = {
    "banana": 6,
    "apple": 0,
    "orange": 32,
    "pear": 15
}

8、Keeping Track of the Produce

输出价格和库存信息

prices = {
    "banana": 4, 
    "apple": 2, 
    "orange": 1.5, 
    "pear": 3
}

stock = {
    "banana": 6,
    "apple": 0,
    "orange": 32,
    "pear": 15
}

for key in prices:
    print key
    print "price: %s" % prices[key]
    print "stock: %s" % stock[key]

9、Something of Value

将每种商品的总价格及所有商品的价格计算并打印出来

total = 0
for key in prices:
    print "prices: %s" % prices[key]*stock[key]
    total += prices[key]*stock[key]
print total

10、Shopping at  the Market

groceries = ["banana", "orange", "apple"]

11、Making a Purchase

计算自己选购商品的价格

def compute_bill(food):
    total = 0
    for item in food:
            total += prices[item]
            stock[item] -= 1
    return total

12、Stocking Out

提示：If you're buying a banana, check if it's in stock (larger than zero). If it's in stock, add the cost of a banana to your bill. Finally, decrement the stock of bananas by one!

def compute_bill(food):
    total = 0
    for item in food:
        if stock[item] > 0:
            total += prices[item]
            stock[item] -= 1
    return total

13、Let's Check Out!

上述已经完成list、dictionary的创建

• ——Using for loops with lists and dictionaries
• ——Writing functions with loops, lists, and dictionaries
• ——Updating data in response to changes in the environment (for instance, decreasing the number of bananas in stock by 1 when you sell one).
• 完整代码如下：

shopping_list = ["banana", "orange", "apple"]

stock = {
    "banana": 6,
    "apple": 0,
    "orange": 32,
    "pear": 15
}
    
prices = {
    "banana": 4,
    "apple": 2,
    "orange": 1.5,
    "pear": 3
}

# Write your code below!
def compute_bill(food):
    total = 0
    for item in food:
        if stock[item] > 0:
            total += prices[item]
            stock[item] -= 1
    return total