C++高阶-STL实战之工资设计优化

工资设计优化

用 STL中的容器和算法对原来的工资设计 程序进行改写，原程序中对于数据的保存和处理主要是在 SalarySys 类中进行，所以对于程序的改写也主要就是对于 SalarySys 类的改写。针对原程序中存在的问题：

• 首先，用可以动态改变大小的 vector 容器来保存那些会动态增减的员工数据。这样，容器的大小会随着数据的增减而动态变化， 不至于浪费内存资源，也不会出现空间不够的情况。
• 同时， vector 容器提供了丰富的成员函数，让我们对数据的访问既便捷又安全。
• 其次，用 STL 中的 find_if()算法以及 max_element()算法代替了原来使用 for 循环遍历数组进行的查找，这样我们只需要关心这些算法中最核心的业务逻辑，而无需关心 for 循环如何访问数组。

完整代码如下：

#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <climits>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

enum EmpLevel
{
    enumOfficer = 1,
    enumStaff = 2
};

class Employee
{
    public:
        Employee(string strName, int nYear):m_strName(strName),m_nYear(nYear)
        {}
    public:
        string GetName() const
        {
            return m_strName;
        }
        int GetYear() const
        {
            return m_nYear;
        }
        EmpLevel GetLevel() const
        {
            return m_nLevel;
        }
        virtual int GetSalary() = 0;
    protected:
        int GetWorkTime() const
        {
            time_t t = time(0);
            struct tm* now = localtime(&t);
            return now->tm_year + 1900 - m_nYear + 1;
        }
    protected:
        string m_strName;
        int m_nYear;
        EmpLevel m_nLevel;
};

class Officer : public Employee
{
    public:
        Officer(string strName, int nYear):Employee(strName, nYear)
        {
            m_nLevel = enumOfficer;
        }
    public:
        virtual int GetSalary() override
        {
            return GetWorkTime() * 5000;
        }
};

class Staff : public Employee
{
    public:
        Staff(string strName, int nYear):Employee(strName, nYear)
        {
            m_nLevel = enumStaff;
        }
    public:
        virtual int GetSalary() override
        {
            return GetWorkTime() * 1000;
        }
};

const int MAX = 100000;

class SalarySys
{
    public:
        SalarySys() : m_strFileName("SalaryData_stl.txt")
        {
            Read();
        }
        ~SalarySys()
        {
            Write();
            for(Employee* p : m_vecEmp)
            {
                delete p;
            }
            m_vecEmp.clear();
        }
    private:
        int Read()
        {
            string strName = "";
            int nLevel = 0;
            int nYear = 0;
            int i = 0;
            ifstream in(m_strFileName);
            if(in.is_open())
            {
                while(true)
                {
                    in>>strName>>nLevel>>nYear;
                    if(!in)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                        
                    if(enumOfficer == nLevel)
                    {
                        m_vecEmp[i] = new Officer(strName, nYear);
                        ++i;
                    }
                    else if(enumStaff == nLevel)
                    {
                        m_vecEmp[i] = new Staff(strName, nYear);
                        ++i;
                    }
                    if(i >= MAX)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                in.close();
            }
            cout<<"there is " << i << " employee" << endl;
        }

        void Write()
        {
            ofstream o(m_strFileName);
            if (o.is_open())
            {
                for(Employee* p : m_vecEmp)
                {
                    o<<p->GetName()<<"\t"<<p->GetLevel()<<"\t"<<p->GetYear()<<endl;
                }
                o.close();
            }
        }
    public:
        int Input()
        {
            cout<<"please input employee information(name, level(1-Officer,2-Staff) year) to add"<<endl;
            cout<<"Eg:XiongDa 1 2008, -1 to finish input"<<endl;
            while(true)
            {
                cout << "please input number "<<m_vecEmp.size() << " information: " <<endl;
                string strName = "";
                int nL = 0;
                int nY = 0;
                cin>>strName>>nL>>nY;
                if(!cin)
                {
                    cout<<"Error, please input again"<<endl;
                    cin.clear();
                    cin.sync();
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    if("-1" == strName)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    AddEmployee(strName, nL, nY);
                }
                
            }
            return m_vecEmp.size();
        }

        Employee* GetMax()
        {
            auto maxit = max_element(m_vecEmp.begin(), m_vecEmp.end(), 
            [](Employee* a, Employee* b) -> bool
            {
                return a->GetSalary() < b->GetSalary();
            });
            if(m_vecEmp.end() != maxit)
            {
                return *(maxit);
            }
            else
            {
                return nullptr;
            }
                 
        }
        void Find()
        {
            while(true)
            {
                string strName = "";
                cout<<"please input the name of employee(-1 to finish) to find:"<<endl;
                cin>>strName;
                if(!cin)
                {
                    cout<<"input error, please input again"<<endl;
                    cin.clear();
                    cin.sync();
                    continue;
                }
                else if ("-1" == strName)
                {
                    cout<<"find over, thanks!"<<endl;
                    break;
                }
                auto it = find_if(m_vecEmp.begin(), m_vecEmp.end(),
                [=](Employee* emp) -> bool
                {
                    return emp->GetName() == strName;
                });
                if(it != m_vecEmp.end())
                {
                    cout<<"employee name:"<<(*it)->GetName()<<endl;
                    cout<<"employee salary:"<<(*it)->GetSalary()<<endl;
                }
                else
                {
                    cout<<"can't find the name "<<strName<<endl;
                }
            }
        }
    private:
        void AddEmployee(const string& strName, const int nL, const int nY)
        {
            if(enumOfficer == nL)
            {
                m_vecEmp.push_back(new Officer(strName, nY));
            }
            else if(enumStaff == nL)
            {
                m_vecEmp.push_back(new Staff(strName, nY));
            }
        }
    private:
        const string m_strFileName;
        vector<Employee*> m_vecEmp;
};

int main()
{
    SalarySys sys;
    sys.Input();
    Employee* pMax = sys.GetMax();
    if(nullptr != pMax)
    {
        cout<<"the employee with the most high salary is: "<<endl;
        cout<<"name: "<<pMax->GetName()<<endl;
        cout<<"salary: "<<pMax->GetSalary()<<endl;

    }
    sys.Find();
    return 0;
}