一,企业级Elasticsearch使用详解
1.1 基本概念
Elasticsearch | MySQL |
---|---|
Index | Database |
Type | Table |
Document | Row |
Field | Column |
- Node:运行单个ES实例的服务器
- Cluster:一个或多个节点构成集群
- Index:索引是多个文档的集合(必须是小写字母)
- Document:Index里每条记录称为Document,若干文档构建一个Index
- Type:一个Index可以定义一种或多种类型,将Document逻辑分组
- Field:ES存储的最小单元
- Shards:ES将Index分为若干份,每一份就是一个分片。
- Replicas:Index的一份或多份副本
1.2 实验环境说明
主机名 | IP地址 | 用途 |
---|---|---|
ES1 | 192.168.200.191 | elasticsearch-node1 |
ES2 | 192.168.200.192 | elasticsearch-node2 |
ES3 | 192.168.200.193 | elasticsearch-node3 |
Logstash-Kibana | 192.168.200.194 | 日志可视化服务器 |
#系统初始环境调整
[root@ES1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@ES1 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
[root@ES1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ES1 ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@ES1 ~]# sestatus
SELinux status: disabled
#更换亚洲时区
[root@ES1 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
#安装时间同步
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate
#进行时间同步
[root@ES1 ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
1.3 企业级Elasticsearch集群部署
#在三台ES上都进行如下操作
#yum安装jdk1.8
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
#导入yum方式安装ES的公钥
[root@ES1 ~]# rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
#添加ES的yum源文件
[root@ES1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[root@ES1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[elastic-6.x]
name=Elastic repository for 6.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md
#安装elasticsearch
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install elasticsearch
#配置elasticsearch的配置文件
#将以下内容进行修改
[root@ES1 ~]# cat -n /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml.bak | sed -n '17p;23p;33p;37p;55p;59p;68p;72p'
17 #cluster.name: my-application
23 #node.name: node-1
33 path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
55 #network.host: 192.168.0.1
59 #http.port: 9200
68 #discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
72 #discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes:
[root@ES1 ~]# cat -n /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | sed -n '17p;23p;33p;37p;55p;59p;68p;72p'
17 cluster.name: elk-cluster
23 node.name: node-1
33 path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
55 network.host: 192.168.200.191
59 http.port: 9200
68 discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.200.191", "192.168.200.192","192.168.200.193"]
72 discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
#将ES1配置文件拷贝到ES2和ES3
[root@ES1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.200.193:/etc/elasticsearch/
root@192.168.200.193's password:
elasticsearch.yml 100% 2903 3.8MB/s 00:00
[root@ES1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.200.192:/etc/elasticsearch/
root@192.168.200.192's password:
elasticsearch.yml 100% 2903 5.0MB/s 00:00
#只需要修改ES2和ES3的节点名称和监听端口即可
[root@ES2 elasticsearch]# sed -n '23p;55p' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
node.name: node-2
network.host: 192.168.200.192
[root@ES3 yum.repos.d]# sed -n '23p;55p' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
node.name: node-3
network.host: 192.168.200.193
#启动三台ES上的elasticsearch
[root@ES1 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
[root@ES2 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
[root@ES3 ~]# systemctl start elasticsearch
#查看集群节点的健康情况
[root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/health?v"
epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1534519567 23:26:07 elk-cluster green 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 100.0%
1.4 Elasticsearch数据操作
RestFul API格式
curl -X<verb> '<protocol>://<host>:<port>/<path>?<query_string>' -d '<body>'
参数 | 描述 |
---|---|
verb | HTTP方法,比如GET,POST,PUT,HEAD,DELETE |
host | ES集群中的任意节点主机名 |
port | ES HTTP服务端口,默认9200 |
path | 索引路径 |
query_string | 可选的查询请求参数。例如?pretty参数将格式化输出JSON数据 |
-d | 里面放一个GET的JSON格式请求主体 |
body | 自己写的JSON格式的请求主体 |
#列出数据库所有的索引
[root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/indices?v"
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
#创建一个索引
[root@ES1 ~]# curl -X PUT "192.168.200.191:9200/logs-test-2018.08.17"
{"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"logs-test-2018.08.17"}
#查看数据库所有索引
[root@ES1 ~]# curl -X GET "192.168.200.191:9200/_cat/indices?v"
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open logs-test-2018.08.17 a-M8lGYtSIqvahUeFqd8Vg 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
Elasticsearch的操作,同学们了解即可。详细可以查看官方文档
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/_index_and_query_a_document.html
1.5 Head插件图形管理Elasticsearch
#head插件下载
[root@ES1 ~]# wget https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/latest-v4.x/node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@ES1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@ES1 ~]# tar xf node-v4.4.7-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ES1 ~]# mv /usr/local/node-v4.4.7-linux-x64/ /usr/local/node-v4.4
[root@ES1 ~]# echo -e 'NODE_HOME=/usr/local/node-v4.4\nPATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH\nexport NODE_HOME PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@ES1 ~]# tail -3 /etc/profile
NODE_HOME=/usr/local/node-v4.4
PATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export NODE_HOME PATH
[root@ES1 ~]# source /etc/profile
#安装git客户端
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install git
#git拉取elasticsearch-head代码
[root@ES1 ~]# git clone git://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
[root@ES1 ~]# cd elasticsearch-head/
[root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# npm install
特别提示:
此安装过程报错也没关系,不影响使用
#修改源码包配置文件Gruntfile.js
#在95行处下边增加一行代码如下
[root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# cat -n Gruntfile.js | sed -n '90,97p'
90 connect: {
91 server: {
92 options: {
93 port: 9100,
94 base: '.',
95 keepalive: true, #添加一个逗号
96 hostname: '*' #增加本行代码
97 }
#启动head插件
[root@ES1 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start
现在我们在浏览器上访问http://IP:9100
虽然浏览器上我们打开了,但是我们发现插件无法连接elasticsearch的API,这是因为ES5.0+版本以后,要想连接API必须先要进行授权才行。
#先ES配置文件添加两行代码
[root@ES1 ~]# echo -e 'http.cors.enabled: true\nhttp.cors.allow-origin: "*"' >> /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
[root@ES1 ~]# tail -2 /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
#重启动elasticsearch
[root@ES1 ~]# systemctl restart elasticsearch
二,企业级Logstash使用详解
2.1 Logstash安装与Input常用插件
2.1.1 Logstash-安装
#yum安装jdk1.8
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[elastic-6.x]
name=Elastic repository for 6.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/6.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# yum -y install logstash
2.1.2 Logstash-条件判断
- 比较操作符:
- 相等:==,!=,<,>,<=,>=
- 正则:=~(正则匹配),!~(不匹配正则)
- 包含:in(包含),not in(不包含)
- 布尔操作符:
- and(与)
- or(或)
- nand(非与)
- xor(非或)
- 一元运算符:
- !:取反
- ():复合表达式
- !():对复合表达式取反
2.1.3 Logstash-Input之Stdin,File,Tcp,Beats插件
#(1)stdin示例
input {
stdin{ #标准输入(用户交互输入数据)
}
}
filter { #条件过滤(抓取字段信息)
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug #输出调试(调试配置文件语法用)
}
}
#(2)File示例
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages" #读取的文件路径
tags => "123" #标签
type => "syslog" #类型
}
}
filter { #条件过滤(抓取字段信息)
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug #输出调试(调试配置文件语法用)
}
}
#(3)TCP示例
input {
tcp {
port => 12345
type => "nc"
}
}
filter { #条件过滤(抓取字段信息)
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug #输出调试(调试配置文件语法用)
}
}
#(4)Beats示例
input {
beats { #后便会专门讲,此处不演示
port => 5044
}
}
filter { #条件过滤(抓取字段信息)
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug #输出调试(调试配置文件语法用)
}
}
(1)input ==> stdin{}标准输入插件测试
#创建logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin{
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#测试logstash配置文件是否正确
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf -t
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
WARNING: Could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $LS_HOME/config or /etc/logstash. You can specify the path using --path.settings. Continuing using the defaults
Could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. Using default config which logs errors to the console
[WARN ] 2018-08-19 23:09:16.736 [LogStash::Runner] multilocal - Ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified
Configuration OK #配置文件正确
[INFO ] 2018-08-19 23:09:19.018 [LogStash::Runner] runner - Using config.test_and_exit mode. Config Validation Result: OK. Exiting Logstash
#启动Logstash进行测试
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#此处省略若干行
sadadasdasa #这就是用户输入的数据
{
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"message" => "sadadasdasa", #被logstash存储在message字段中
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:14:48.678Z
}
13213121
{
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"message" => "13213121",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:14:52.212Z
}
特别提示:
让用户直接输入数据的方式就是标准输入stdin{};
将输入的数据存储到message以后直接输出到屏幕上进行调试就是标准输出stdout{codec => rubydebug}
(2)input ==> file{}读取文件数据
#修改Logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
tags => "123"
type => "syslog"
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动Logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#再开一个窗口向日志文件输入一句话
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# echo "1111" >> /var/log/messages
#回头再去查看logstash的debug输出
{
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:26:10.469Z,
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"tags" => [
[0] "123"
],
"message" => "1111",
"path" => "/var/log/messages",
"type" => "syslog"
}
(3)input ==> tcp{}通过监听tcp端口接收日志
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
tcp {
port => 12345
type => "nc"
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动Logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#再开一个窗口,查看12345端口监听情况
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# netstat -antup | grep 12345
tcp6 0 0 :::12345 :::* LISTEN 12626/java
#在ES1上安装nc向12345端口传输数据
[root@ES1 ~]# yum -y install nc
[root@ES1 ~]# echo "welcome to yunjisuan" | nc 192.168.200.194 12345
#回头再去查看logstash的debug输出,如下
{
"type" => "nc",
"message" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
"port" => 41650,
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-19T15:43:50.543Z,
"host" => "192.168.200.191"
}
2.1.4 更多Input插件的用户请查看官网链接
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/plugins-inputs-file.html
2.2 Logstash-Input(Output)之Codec插件
#Json/Json_lines示例
input {
stdin {
codec => json { #将json格式的数据转码成UTF-8格式后进行输入
charset => ["UTF-8"]
}
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
(1)codec => json {}将json格式数据进行编码转换
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
codec => json {
charset => ["UTF-8"]
}
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#再开一个窗口进入python交互界面生成json格式数据
>>> import json
>>> data = [{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}]
>>> json = json.dumps(data)
>>> print json
[{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}] #这就是json格式数据
#将json格式数据,输入后,查看logstash数据的输出结果
[{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}]
{
"b" => 2,
"a" => 1,
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"c" => 3,
"e" => 5,
"d" => 4,
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T13:27:58.991Z
}
2.3 Logstash-Filter之Json,Kv插件
#Json示例
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
json {
source => "message" #将保存在message中的json数据进行结构化解析
target => "content" #解析后的结果保存在content里
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#Kv示例
filter {
kv {
field_split => "&?" #将输入的数据按&字符进行切割解析
}
}
(1)filter => json {}将json的编码进行结构化解析过滤
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动logstash服务
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#交互式输入json格式数据
{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}
{
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "{\"a\": 1, \"c\": 3, \"b\": 2, \"e\": 5, \"d\": 4}", #数据都保存在了message字段里
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:08:54.275Z,
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana"
}
#再次修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
json {
source => "message"
target => "content"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动logstash服务
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#交互式输入以下内容进行解析
{"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 2, "e": 5, "d": 4}
{
"content" => { #json被结构化解析出来了
"a" => 1,
"e" => 5,
"d" => 4,
"c" => 3,
"b" => 2
},
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "{\"a\": 1, \"c\": 3, \"b\": 2, \"e\": 5, \"d\": 4}",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:05:39.915Z,
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana"
}
(2)filter => kv {}将输入的数据按照制定符号切割
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
kv {
field_split => "&?"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#交互式输入以下数据,然后查看解析结果
name=123&yunjisuan=benet&yun=166
{
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"yunjisuan" => "benet",
"yun" => "166",
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "name=123&yunjisuan=benet&yun=166",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-20T14:16:38.227Z,
"name" => "123"
}
2.4 Logstash-Filter之Grok插件
2.4.1 grok自定义正则的数据抓取模式
#日志输入示例:
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
#grok自定义正则的数据抓取示例
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => {
"message" => '(?<client>[0-9.]+)[ ]+(?<method>[A-Z]+)[ ]+(?<request>[a-zA-Z/.]+)[ ]+(?<bytes>[0-9]+)[ ]+(?<num>[0-9]+)'
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#操作演示
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => {
"message" => '(?<client>[0-9.]+)[ ]+(?<method>[A-Z]+)[ ]+(?<request>[a-zA-Z/.]+)[ ]+(?<bytes>[0-9]+)[ ]+(?<num>[0-9]+)'
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#输入日志进行数据抓取测试
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
{
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200",
"bytes" => "15824",
"num" => "200",
"@version" => "1",
"method" => "GET",
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"request" => "/index.html",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T13:50:27.029Z
}
2.4.2 grok内置正则的数据抓取模式
为了方便用户抓取数据方便,官方自定义了一些内置正则的默认抓取方式
Grok默认的内置正则模式,官方网页示例
https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/master/patterns/grok-patterns
#logstash默认挂载的常用的内置正则库文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# rpm -ql logstash | grep grok-patterns
/usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns/grok-patterns
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /usr/share/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns/grok-patterns
...由于显示内容过多,此处省略无数行,请自行打开查看...
#操作演示
#日志输入示例:
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => {
"message" => "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num}"
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#输入日志示例内容后,如下
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200
{
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"method" => "GET",
"bytes" => "15824",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"num" => "200",
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:19:04.960Z,
"request" => "/index.html"
}
2.4.3 grok自定义内置正则的数据抓取模式
示例:将2.4.1的自定义正则转换成自定义的内置正则
#日志输入示例(新增一个数据):
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns" #自定义的内置正则抓取模板路径
match => {
"message" => '%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"'
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#创建自定义内置正则的挂载模板文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /opt/patterns
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /opt/patterns
STRING .*
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#输入日志示例,查看数据抓取结果
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
{
"method" => "GET",
"@version" => "1",
"bytes" => "15824",
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:38:04.361Z,
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"request" => "/index.html",
"num" => "200",
"content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\""
}
2.4.4 grok多模式匹配的数据抓取
有的时候,我们可能需要抓取多种日志格式的数据
因此,我们需要配置grok的多模式匹配的数据抓取
#日志输入示例:
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns"
match => [ #请注意多模式和单模式匹配的区别
"message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"',
"message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} 《%{NAME:name}》'
]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#增加一个自定义的内置正则抓取变量
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /opt/patterns
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /opt/patterns
STRING .*
NAME .*
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#输入日志示例,查看数据抓取结果
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
{
"@version" => "1",
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"request" => "/index.html",
"num" => "200",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:47:26.971Z,
"content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"bytes" => "15824",
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\"",
"method" => "GET"
}
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
{
"@version" => "1",
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"request" => "/index.html",
"num" => "200",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T14:47:40.430Z,
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"bytes" => "15824",
"name" => "Mr.chen-2018-8-21",
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》",
"method" => "GET"
}
2.5 Logstash-Filter之geoip插件
geoip插件可以对IP的来源进行分析,并通过Kibana的地图功能形象的显示出来。
#日志输入示例:
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
patterns_dir => "/opt/patterns"
match => [
"message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} "%{STRING:content}"',
"message",'%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:num} 《%{NAME:name}》'
]
}
geoip {
source => "client"
database => "/opt/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
#下载geoip插件包
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
#解压安装geoip插件包
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# tar xf GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg GeoLite2-City_20180807 GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cp GeoLite2-City_20180807/GeoLite2-City.mmdb /opt/
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana opt]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
#输入日志示例模板,查看数据抓取结果
223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 "welcome to yunjisuan"
{
"geoip" => {
"country_code3" => "CN", #IP所在国家
"city_name" => "Beijing", #IP所在城市
"longitude" => 116.3889,
"region_code" => "BJ",
"country_code2" => "CN",
"location" => {
"lon" => 116.3889, #IP所在地图经度
"lat" => 39.9288 #IP所在地图纬度
},
"timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai",
"latitude" => 39.9288,
"region_name" => "Beijing",
"continent_code" => "AS",
"ip" => "223.72.85.86",
"country_name" => "China"
},
"message" => "223.72.85.86 GET /index.html 15824 200 \"welcome to yunjisuan\"",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T15:45:06.179Z,
"content" => "welcome to yunjisuan",
"client" => "223.72.85.86",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"method" => "GET",
"bytes" => "15824",
"num" => "200",
"request" => "/index.html"
}
119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》
{
"geoip" => {
"country_code3" => "CN",
"longitude" => 113.25,
"region_code" => "GD",
"country_code2" => "CN",
"location" => {
"lon" => 113.25,
"lat" => 23.1167
},
"timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai",
"latitude" => 23.1167,
"region_name" => "Guangdong",
"continent_code" => "AS",
"ip" => "119.147.146.189",
"country_name" => "China"
},
"message" => "119.147.146.189 GET /index.html 15824 200 《Mr.chen-2018-8-21》",
"name" => "Mr.chen-2018-8-21",
"@timestamp" => 2018-08-21T15:45:55.386Z,
"client" => "119.147.146.189",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "Logstash-Kibana",
"method" => "GET",
"bytes" => "15824",
"num" => "200",
"request" => "/index.html"
}
2.6 Logstash-输出(Output)插件
#ES示例
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => "localhost:9200" #将数据写入elasticsearch
index => "logstash-mr_chen-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" #索引为xxx
}
}
三,企业级Kibana使用详解
主机名 | IP地址 | 用途 |
---|---|---|
ES1 | 192.168.200.191 | elasticsearch-node1 |
ES2 | 192.168.200.192 | elasticsearch-node2 |
ES3 | 192.168.200.193 | elasticsearch-node3 |
Logstash-Kibana | 192.168.200.194 | 日志可视化服务器 |
3.1 ELK Stack配置应用案例
#利用yum源安装kibana
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215 8月 19 22:07 /etc/yum.repos.d/elastic.repo
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# yum -y install kibana
#修改logstash配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/messages"]
type => "system" #对数据添加类型
tags => ["syslog","test"] #对数据添加标识
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => ["/var/log/audit/audit.log"]
type => "system" #对数据添加类型
tags => ["auth","test"] #对数据添加标识
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
filter {
}
output {
if [type] == "system" {
if [tags][0] == "syslog" { #通过判断可以将不同日志写到不同的索引里
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://192.168.200.191:9200","http://192.168.200.192:9200","http://192.168.200.193:9200"]
index => "logstash-mr_chen-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
else if [tags][0] == "auth" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://192.168.200.191:9200","http://192.168.200.192:9200","http://192.168.200.193:9200"]
index => "logstash-mr_chen-auth-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
}
}
#修改kibana的配置文件
[root@Logstash-Kibana kibana]# cat -n kibana.yml.bak | sed -n '7p;28p'
7 #server.host: "localhost"
28 #elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"
[root@Logstash-Kibana kibana]# cat -n kibana.yml | sed -n '7p;28p'
7 server.host: "0.0.0.0"
28 elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.200.191:9200" #就写一个ES主节点即可
#启动kibana进程
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# systemctl start kibana
#启动logstash
[root@Logstash-Kibana ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
特别提示:
如果elasticsearch里没有任何索引,那么kibana是都取不到的
所以启动logstash先elasticsearch里写点数据就好了
通过浏览器访问kibana
我们创建两个索引后,如下图所示
3.2 Kibana常用查询表达式
直接演示简单讲解kibana的数据检索功能
3.3 基于Nginx实现Kibana访问认证
操作方法同ELK(上),此处略过