Android 多线程下载

       多线程下载网上有很多的例子，其中需要注意的就是：

每个线程该分配多大的算法；

通过请求从返回的 getContentLength() 方法获取需要下载的文件大小。

使用 RandomAccessFile 类来创建文件夹。因为该类可以从文件的任何位置开始读写操作，有 seek() 方法。

本例是用 Tomcat 充当后台来下载的。

下载成功后的示意图：

具体代码如下：

MultiThreadDownload.java :

package com.crazy.multidownload;


import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class MultiThreadDownload {

     /* 需要下载资源的地址*/
    private String urlStr;

     /* 下载的文件*/
    private File localFile;

     /* 需要下载文件的存放的本地文件夹路径*/
    private String dirStr;

     /* 存储到本地的文件名*/
    private String filename;

     /* 开启的线程数量*/
    private int threadCount;

     /* 下载文件的大小*/
    private long fileSize;

    private Handler handler;

    public MultiThreadDownload(String urlStr, String dirStr,
                               String filename, int threadCount, Handler handler) {
        this.urlStr = urlStr;
        this.dirStr = dirStr;
        this.filename = filename;
        this.threadCount = threadCount;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

    public void download() throws IOException {
        createFileByUrl();

         /* 计算每个线程需要下载的数据长度*/
        long block = fileSize % threadCount == 0 ? fileSize / threadCount
                : fileSize / threadCount + 1;

        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            long start = i * block;
            long end = start + block >= fileSize ? fileSize : start + block - 1;

            new DownloadThread(new URL(urlStr), localFile, start, end).start();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 根据资源的URL获取资源的大小，以及在本地创建文件
     */
    public void createFileByUrl() throws IOException {
        URL url = new URL(urlStr);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        conn.setRequestProperty(
                "Accept",
                "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, " +
                        "application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, " +
                        "application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, " +
                        "application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, " +
                        "application/msword, */*");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", urlStr);
        conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
        conn.setRequestProperty(
                "User-Agent",
                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; " +
                        ".NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30;" +
                        " .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        conn.connect();

        if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
            // 根据响应获取文件大小
            this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();

            if (fileSize <= 0)
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "下载文件大小出错 ... ");
            File dir = new File(dirStr);
            if (!dir.exists())
                dir.mkdirs();
            this.localFile = new File(dir, filename);

            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.localFile, "rw");
            raf.setLength(fileSize);
            raf.close();
            Log.e("tag", "需要下载的文件大小为 :" + this.fileSize + " , 存储位置为： "
                    + dirStr + "/" + filename);

        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException("连接错误 ...");
        }
    }


    private class DownloadThread extends Thread {

        /* 下载文件的URI*/
        private URL url;

         /* 存的本地路径*/
        private File localFile;

         /* 是否结束*/
        private boolean isFinish;

         /* 开始的位置*/
        private Long startPos;

         /* 结束位置*/
        private Long endPos;

        public DownloadThread(URL url, File savefile, Long startPos, Long endPos) {
            this.url = url;
            this.localFile = savefile;
            this.startPos = startPos;
            this.endPos = endPos;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            Log.d("tag", Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始下载...");
            try {
                HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url
                        .openConnection();
                conn.setConnectTimeout(15 * 1000);
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                conn.setRequestProperty(
                        "Accept",
                        "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, " +
                                "application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, " +
                                "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap," +
                                " application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, " +
                                "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", url.toString());
                conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");

                // 设置获取实体数据的范围
                conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"
                        + endPos);

                conn.setRequestProperty(
                        "User-Agent",
                        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; " +
                                ".NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; " +
                                ".NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)");
                conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
                conn.connect();

                /**
                 * 代表服务器已经成功处理了部分GET请求
                 */
                if (conn.getResponseCode() == 206) {
                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                    int len = 0;
                    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];

                    RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(localFile,
                            "rwd");
                    raf.seek(startPos);
                    while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
                        raf.write(buf, 0, len);
                    }
                    raf.close();
                    is.close();
                    Log.e("tag", Thread.currentThread().getName()
                            + "完成下载  ： " + startPos + " -- " + endPos);

                    setMessageForUI();

                    this.isFinish = true;
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                            "url 连接错误 ...");
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    private void setMessageForUI(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Message msg = Message.obtain();
                msg.what = 0x123;
                msg.obj = threadCount;
                handler.sendMessage(msg);
            }
        }).start();
    }

}

MainAcivity.java :

package com.crazy.multidownload;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Handler handler;
    private int threadCount;
    private int count = 0;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        threadCount = 2;
        initHandler();
        downLoad();
    }

    private void initHandler(){

        handler = new Handler(){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                if (msg.what == 0x123) {
                    count++;
                    if (count == threadCount)
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "下载完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        };

    }

    private void downLoad() {
        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
            @Override
            protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
                try {
                    new MultiThreadDownload(
                            "http://192.168.248.2/zip/multidownload.zip",
                            Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/multidownload",
                            "multidownload.zip",
                            threadCount,
                            handler).download();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return null;
            }

        }.execute();
    }
}

开始下载输出的内容见下图：

从上图中可以看到线程的数量和我们所设定的线程数量是相等的。

完成下载后的输出：

从图中可以看出，下载完成的的输出和线程数量相同都为2，所以为了让其真正完成下载（线程数量和输出数量相等时）时在进行提升，才有了 count 计数器，记录接收到的次数。

最后可以打开 ADM 查看下载的路径：

从上面的几张图片中可以看到，文件的总大小是相同的。

最后不要忘了添加相应的权限：

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>