C++并发编程之线程同步 std::atomic用法总结

1、std::atomic_flag介绍

std::atomic_flag其实是一个原子的布尔类型，先来看下关于std::atomic_flag的定义，如下是摘抄源文件中的定义：

  /// atomic_flag
  struct atomic_flag : public __atomic_flag_base
  {
    atomic_flag() noexcept = default;
    ~atomic_flag() noexcept = default;
    atomic_flag(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) volatile = delete;

    // Conversion to ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT.
    constexpr atomic_flag(bool __i) noexcept
      : __atomic_flag_base{ _S_init(__i) }
    { }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test_and_set(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
    {
      return __atomic_test_and_set (&_M_i, __m);
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE bool
    test_and_set(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
    {
      return __atomic_test_and_set (&_M_i, __m);
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    clear(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
    {
      memory_order __b = __m & __memory_order_mask;
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

      __atomic_clear (&_M_i, __m);
    }

    _GLIBCXX_ALWAYS_INLINE void
    clear(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept
    {
      memory_order __b = __m & __memory_order_mask;
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_consume);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acquire);
      __glibcxx_assert(__b != memory_order_acq_rel);

      __atomic_clear (&_M_i, __m);
    }

  private:
    static constexpr __atomic_flag_data_type
    _S_init(bool __i)
    { return __i ? __GCC_ATOMIC_TEST_AND_SET_TRUEVAL : 0; }
  };

在以上比较重要的成员函数如下：

    test_and_set(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept
    clear(memory_order __m = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept

由上面可以看出其支持两种操作，test_and_set和clear。

std::atomic_flag::test_and_set() 作用是检查该对象的标志，如果说std::atomic_flag之前没有被设置过，那么就在调用的地方设置标志，并返回true,否则就返回false。

std::atomic_flag::clear()，作用是清除atomic_flag对象。

2、关于std::atomic_flag使用示例

std::atomic_flag使用示例

/*************************************************************************
	> File Name: thread_atomic.cpp
	> Author: 小和尚敲木鱼
	> Mail:  
	> Created Time: Mon 20 Sep 2021 11:35:21 PM PDT
 ************************************************************************/

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
/*****************************文件说明***********************************
***********************************************************************/

std::atomic_flag g_lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
static bool g_Running = false;
static int g_data = 0;

void thread_function()
{
	std::cout << "thread_function Running..." << std::endl;
	{
		while(g_lock.test_and_set());
		g_data += 10;
		std::cout << "g_data = " << g_data << std::endl;
		std::cout << "[" << __func__ << "]" << std::endl;
		g_lock.clear();
	}
}

int main(int agc,char * agv[])
{
	int data = 10;
	std::thread thread1(thread_function);

	std::cout << "Mian Thread Running..."<< std::endl;

	if (thread1.joinable())
		thread1.join();

	return 0;
}
//OUT
//Mian Thread Running...
//thread_function Running...
//g_data = 10
//[thread_function]

std::atomic封装基本数据的使用示例

std::aotmic搭配bool变量使用

/*************************************************************************
	> File Name: thread_atomic.cpp
	> Author: 小和尚敲木鱼
	> Mail:  
	> Created Time: Mon 20 Sep 2021 11:35:21 PM PDT
 ************************************************************************/
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
/*****************************文件说明***********************************
***********************************************************************/
std::atomic<bool> g_Going(false);
std::atomic_flag g_lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;

static int g_data = 0;
static bool g_Running = false;//控制子线程整体是否循环运行

void thread_function()
{
	std::cout << "thread_function Running..." << std::endl;
	while(g_Running)
	{
		{
			while(!g_Going);//如果g_Going没有被设置true，则一直等待。
			if (g_lock.test_and_set())
			{
				g_data += 10;
				std::cout << "g_data = " << g_data << std::endl;
				std::cout << "[" << __func__ << "]" << std::endl;
				g_lock.clear();
				g_Going = false;
			}
			
		}
		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
	}
	std::cout << "thread_function Exit..." << std::endl;
}

int main(int agc,char * agv[])
{
	int data = 10;
	g_Running = true;
	std::thread thread1(thread_function);

	std::cout << "Mian Thread Running..."<< std::endl;
	for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++)
	{	
		g_Going = true;//设置g_Going，使能子线程继续往下执行。
		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(200));
	}

	g_Running = false;
	g_Going = true;
	if (thread1.joinable())
		thread1.join();
	return 0;
}
//OUT
//Mian Thread Running...
//thread_function Running...
//g_data = 10
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 20
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 30
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 40
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 50
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 60
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 70
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 80
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 90
//[thread_function]
//g_data = 100
//[thread_function]
//thread_function Exit...
/**************************end of file**********************************/

上述例子中，主线程操作子线程10次对全局变量进行操作，通过g_Going 控制子线程是否继续向下执行。

3、总结

在C11中的std::aotmic原子操作还是比较简单的，主要是配合bool变量进行线程的控制，使用起来还是非常方便。