$_
This is a special array for the subroutine duration.U can access it by use $_[<index>]. So the first parmater will be $_[0].
The @_ variable is private to the subroutine, @_ is always the parameter list for the current subroutine invocation
$PROCESS_ID
$$
read a file line by line
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings; my $dir ="./tmp"; open (FH, "<$dir/txn-history.txt") or die "Couldn't open $dir/txn-history.txt, $!"."\n"; while(<FH>) { print "$_"; }
perlref
If you put a \
in front of a variable, you get a reference to that variable.
perlobject
perl's subroutine first argument is itself or class/package name.