ruby入门_array

array， 数组

两种初始化

arr1 = [1,2,3,4]
arr2 = Array.new
arr2[0] = 4
arr2[1] = 5
arr2[2] = 6
arr2[3] = 7
arr2[4] = 8

puts arr1.length
puts arr1.size

puts arr1[1]
puts arr1[2]
puts arr1[-2]
print arr1

输出

4
4
2
3
3
1234

转换字符串到数组

以空格分割

注意W和w的区别

# transform string with blank to array
var = 5
arr1 = %W{1 2 3 4 #{var}} # like "..."
arr2 = %w{1 2 3 4 #{var}} # like '...'

puts arr1
puts "    size : " + arr1.size.to_s

puts arr2
puts "    size : " + arr2.size.to_s

输出

1
2
3
4
5
    size : 5
1
2
3
4
#{var}
    size : 5

数组的添加和删除

arr = [1,2,3,4]

puts arr.to_s

# add at first
arr.unshift 0
arr.unshift(-2,-1)
puts arr.to_s

# add at last
arr.push 5
arr.push(6,7)
puts arr.to_s

# add at last (only one)
arr<<8
puts arr.to_s

# delete at first
puts arr.shift 
puts arr.to_s

# delete at last
puts arr.pop 
puts arr.to_s

输出

1234
-2-101234
-2-101234567
-2-1012345678
-2
-1012345678
8
-101234567

数组的截取与合并

arr1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
arr2 = [8,9]

# from 2, total 3
puts arr1[2,3].to_s
# from 2, to 5(with)
puts arr1[2..5].to_s
# from 2, to 5(without)
puts arr1[2...5].to_s

puts arr1.concat(arr2).to_s

输出

345
3456
345
123456789