Tutorial 14 : Render To Texture-CSDN博客

Tutorial 14 : Render To Texture

from: http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/intermediate-tutorials/tutorial-14-render-to-texture/

Render-To-Texture is a handful method to create a variety of effects. The basic idea is that you render a scene just like you usually do, but this time in a texture that you can reuse later.

Applications include in-game cameras, post-processing, and as many GFX as you can imagine.

Render To Texture

We have three tasks : creating the texture in which we’re going to render ; actually rendering something in it ; and using the generated texture.

Creating the Render Target

What we’re going to render to is called a Framebuffer. It’s a container for textures and an optional depth buffer. It’s created just like any other object in OpenGL :

// The framebuffer, which regroups 0, 1, or more textures, and 0 or 1 depth buffer.
GLuint FramebufferName = 0;
glGenFramebuffers(1, &FramebufferName);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, FramebufferName);

Now we need to create the texture which will contain the RGB output of our shader. This code is very classic :

// The texture we're going to render to
GLuint renderedTexture;
glGenTextures(1, &renderedTexture);

// "Bind" the newly created texture : all future texture functions will modify this texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);

// Give an empty image to OpenGL ( the last "0" )
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,GL_RGB, 1024, 768, 0,GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);

// Poor filtering. Needed !
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);

We also need a depth buffer. This is optional, depending on what you actually need to draw in your texture; but since we’re going to render Suzanne, we need depth-testing.

// The depth buffer
GLuint depthrenderbuffer;
glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthrenderbuffer);
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthrenderbuffer);
glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, 1024, 768);
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthrenderbuffer);

Finally, we configure our framebuffer

// Set "renderedTexture" as our colour attachement #0
glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, renderedTexture, 0);

// Set the list of draw buffers.
GLenum DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
glDrawBuffers(1, DrawBuffers); // "1" is the size of DrawBuffers

Something may have gone wrong during the process, depending on the capabilities of the GPU. This is how you check it :

// Always check that our framebuffer is ok
if(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
return false;

Rendering to the texture

Rendering to the texture is straightforward. Simply bind your framebuffer, and draw your scene as usual. Easy !

// Render to our framebuffer
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, FramebufferName);
glViewport(0,0,1024,768); // Render on the whole framebuffer, complete from the lower left corner to the upper right

The fragment shader just needs a minor adaptation :

layout(location = 0) out vec3 color;

This means that when writing in the variable “color”, we will actually write in the Render Target 0, which happens to be our texure because DrawBuffers[0] is GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENTi, which is, in our case, renderedTexture.

To recap :

color will be written to the first buffer because of layout(location=0).
The first buffer is GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 because of DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0}
GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 has renderedTexture attached, so this is where your color is written.
In other words, you can replace GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 by GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2 and it will still work.

Note : there is no layout(location=i) in OpenGL < 3.3, but you use glFragData[i] = mvvalue anyway.

Using the rendered texture

We’re going to draw a simple quad that fills the screen. We need the usual buffers, shaders, IDs, …

// The fullscreen quad's FBO
GLuint quad_VertexArrayID;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &quad_VertexArrayID);
glBindVertexArray(quad_VertexArrayID);

static const GLfloat g_quad_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
    -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
    1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
    -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
    -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
    1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
    1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
};

GLuint quad_vertexbuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &quad_vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_quad_vertex_buffer_data), g_quad_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

// Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
GLuint quad_programID = LoadShaders( "Passthrough.vertexshader", "SimpleTexture.fragmentshader" );
GLuint texID = glGetUniformLocation(quad_programID, "renderedTexture");
GLuint timeID = glGetUniformLocation(quad_programID, "time");

Now you want to render to the screen. This is done by using 0 as the second parameter of glBindFramebuffer.

// Render to the screen
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
glViewport(0,0,1024,768); // Render on the whole framebuffer, complete from the lower left corner to the upper right

We can draw our full-screen quad with such a shader:

#version 330 core

in vec2 UV;

out vec3 color;

uniform sampler2D renderedTexture;
uniform float time;

void main(){
    color = texture( renderedTexture, UV + 0.005*vec2( sin(time+1024.0*UV.x),cos(time+768.0*UV.y)) ).xyz;
}