Maven学习总结系列七：聚合与继承

在实际开发中，为了得到更清晰的设计及更高的重用性，我们往往会采用各种方式对软件划分模块。

遇到一些问题：

比如：我们需要对每一个模块分别进行构建，非常浪费我们的时间。每个模块的JAR包版本的统一管理变成有点困难。

 

Maven方案：

Maven使用了聚合特性，把项目的各个模块聚合在一起，一次性构建所有模块。 通过”继承特性“则帮助抽取各模块相同的依赖和插件等有共性的配置，在简化POM的同时，还能促进各个模块配置的一致性。

 

1.1 聚合

场景假设：

你有一个项目，包含两个模块

account-email

Account-persist

 

有一个简单的需求，你想一次构建两个项目，而不是两个模块目录下分别执行mvn命令。

 

使用maven的聚合方案：

创建一个聚合模块，account-aggregator，

 

聚合模块特点：

1.本身也是一个maven项目

2.必须要有自己的POM，但packaging的值为POM，而像accout-email为JAR或不声明（默认为jar）

3.声明需要聚合的模块module，每一个module的值都是一个当前POM的相对目录。

maven中的两种结构：

1）父子目录结构关系：聚合模块是被聚合模块父文件夹

配置方式：<module>account-email</module>

                     <module>account-persist</module>

2）平行目录结构：聚合模块是被聚合模块是平级的文件夹（我通常使用该方式）

配置方式：<module>../account-email</module>

                     <module>../account-persist</module>

 

 

4.聚合模块只包含一个pom.xml文件，不需要src/main/java，src/test/java等目录，原因是聚合模块仅仅是帮助聚合其它模块构建的工具，它本身并无实质内容的。

 

 

聚合模块POM配置如下：

Pom.xml

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account</groupId>

<artifactId>account-aggregator</artifactId>

<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<packaging>pom</packaging>

<name>AccountAggregator</name>

<modules>

<module>../account-email</module>

<module>../account-persist</module>

</modules>

</project>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Delete the unnecessary item.

 

Note:Just only keep the pom.xml file in account-aggregator project.

 

聚合模块执行原理：

Maven会首先解析聚合模块的POM，分析要构建的模块，并计算出一个反应堆构建顺序（Reactor Build Order），然后根据这个顺序依次建各个模块。

我们执行install命令，观察其执行情况.

 

mvn install

[INFO] Scanning forprojects...

[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Reactor BuildOrder:

[INFO]

[INFO] Account Email

[INFO] AccountPersist

[INFO] AccountAggregator

[INFO]                                                                        

[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BuildingAccount Email 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ account-email ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8'encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 1resource

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ account-email ---

[INFO] Nothing tocompile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @account-email ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8'encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 1resource

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ account-email ---

[INFO] Nothing tocompile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ account-email ---

[INFO] Surefirereport directory:D:\Workspaces\eclipse-jee-oxygen_x86_64\account-email\target\surefire-reports

 

-------------------------------------------------------

 T E S T S

-------------------------------------------------------

Runningcom.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email.AccountEmailServiceTest

Test Subject

<h3>Test</h3>

Tests run: 1,Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.707 sec

 

Results :

 

Tests run: 1,Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

 

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ account-email ---

[INFO] Building jar:D:\Workspaces\eclipse-jee-oxygen_x86_64\account-email\target\account-email-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ account-email ---

[INFO] InstallingD:\Workspaces\eclipse-jee-oxygen_x86_64\account-email\target\account-email-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jarto D:\Workspaces\maven_repository\com\juven\mvnbook\account\account-email\1.0.0-SNAPSHOT\account-email-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO] InstallingD:\Workspaces\eclipse-jee-oxygen_x86_64\account-email\pom.xml toD:\Workspaces\maven_repository\com\juven\mvnbook\account\account-email\1.0.0-SNAPSHOT\account-email-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.pom

[INFO]                                                                        

[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BuildingAccount Persist 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ account-persist ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8'encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 1resource

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ account-persist ---

[INFO] Nothing tocompile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @account-persist ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8'encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 1resource

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ account-persist---

[INFO] Nothing tocompile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] ---maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ account-persist ---

[INFO] Surefirereport directory:D:\Workspaces\eclipse-jee-oxygen_x86_64\account-persist\target\surefire-reports

 

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