多态--经典示例

多态：子类通过继承使用基类中元素，函数，避免重复定义。基类函数为虚函数或纯虚函数，具体功能要看子类相应函数。

代码：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shape//定义基类
{
public:
    Shape(int a,int b)//取长，高
    {
        width=a;
        heigth=b;
    }
    virtual int area()=0;//纯虚函数，具体定义看派生类
protected:
    int width,heigth;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape//公有继承
{
public:
    Rectangle(int a,int b):Shape(a,b){}
    int area()
    {
        cout<<"Rectangle class area :"<<endl;
        return (width*heigth);//获得基类长高之积
    }
};
class Triangle:public Shape
{
public:
    Triangle(int a,int b):Shape(a,b){}
    int area()
    {
        cout<<"Triangle class area :"<<endl;
        return (width*heigth/2);//获得基类长高积的一半
    }
};
int main()
{
    Shape *shape;
    Rectangle rec(10,7);
    Triangle tri(10,5);
    shape=&rec;
    cout<<shape->area()<<endl;
    shape=&tri;
    cout<<shape->area()<<endl;
}

截图：