设计模式的第一个例子之后,我再次体会到了做一个软件,不仅仅是为了功能的实现,更多的是“为人民服务”!
不用面向对象的方法去写,要实现一个简单的只有“+ - * /”计算器,那是相当简单的,只需获取用户输入的数字和运算符,然后“A运算B”得出结果显示出来就行了。如下代码所示:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//输入要运算的数字和运算符
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字A");
double A =Convert .ToDouble ( Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入运算符");
string operate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字B");
double B = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
//将结果存储到变量D里面
double D=0;
//用if条件语句判断输入的符号而进行相应的运算并输出
if (operate =="+")
{
D = A + B;
Console.WriteLine("A+B=" + D);
}
if (operate =="-")
{
D = A - B;
Console.WriteLine("A-B=" +D);
}
if (operate =="*")
{
D = A * B;
Console.WriteLine("A*B=" +D);
}
if (operate =="/")
{
D = A / B;
Console.WriteLine("A/B=" + D);
}
}
}
}
如果用户的需求发生了变化了呢?比如想再加个开根号的运算,然后就加个if语句,在输入项里也要改动,而且当除数为零时,还会发生错误,直接导致程序死掉,这些变化的产生,对于修改程序是一件非常麻烦的事,小程序还好,大程序的话就特别容易导致错误的发生,而且不易于修改,很可能修改一个地方,却导致了另一个地方出现问题,这种整个程序的程序块与程序块之间有着组合的关系,非常不利于维护和扩展,所以,有了面向对象的思想。
应该把整个程序抽象出一些类来,每个实现一部分功能,就如用于显示的就抽象一个显示类,运算的为运算类,还有运算符类等等,当程序需要扩展增加某项功能时候,我们只需新增一个类就行,跟别的没关系,所以非常易于维护和扩展。修改后的代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace 工厂模式_计算器2
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try //如果遇到错误,进行提示
{
//用于输入
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字A");
double _numA =Convert.ToDouble( Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入运算符(+、-、*、/)");
string _operate = Convert.ToString ( Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("请输入数字B");
double _numB = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
double _result; //保存结果的变量
Operation oper;
oper = operationFactory.createOperate("+");
oper.numberA = _numA; //给类属性赋值
oper.numberB = _numB;
operationFactory.createOperate(_operate);
_result = oper.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine(_result); //输出结果
}
catch
{
Console.WriteLine("输入有误!");
}
}
}
public class Operation //运算父类
{
private double _numberA = 0;
private double _numberB = 0;
public double numberA
{
get { return _numberA; }
set { _numberA = value; }
}
public double numberB
{
get { return _numberB; }
set { _numberB = value; }
}
public virtual double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
return result;
}
}
public class operationAdd:Operation //继承运算父类的加法运算
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA + numberB;
return result;
}
}
public class operationSub:Operation //继承运算父类的减法运算
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA - numberB;
return result;
}
}
public class operationMul:Operation //继承运算父类的乘法运算
{
public override double GetResult ()
{
double result = 0;
result = numberA * numberB;
return result;
}
}
public class operationDiv :Operation //继承运算父类的除法运算
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result;
result = numberA / numberB;
return result;
}
}
public class operationFactory //处理运算符的类
{
public static Operation createOperate (string operate)
{
Operation oper = null;
switch (operate)
{
case "+":
oper = new operationAdd(); //实例化加法运算
break;
case "-":
oper = new operationSub();
break;
case "*":
oper = new operationMul();
break;
case "/":
oper = new operationDiv();
break;
}
return oper;
}
}
}
后的程序变得层次分明,并抽象出了几个类,这样以后再需要增加功能,就直接增加类就行了,别的类根本影响不到!