看完这篇让你彻底搞懂 Dockerfile

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-18 10:08:54 发布

王9911

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-18 10:08:54 发布

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文章标签： docker 容器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/asd991543753/article/details/122509463

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Dockerfile 作用：

Dockerfile 就是Docker 中用来一键安装项目所有依赖的一个“命令文件” ，这里面都是按照Docker 官方要求进行命令编写， build 时候就会按照类似shell 命令一步一步执行并构建一个镜像；

说明：

从应用软件的角度来看，DockerFile，docker镜像与docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段。

DockerFile 是软件的原材料（代码）

Docker 镜像则是软件的交付品（.apk）

Docker 容器则是软件的运行状态（客户下载安装执行）

DockerFile 面向开发，Docker镜像成为交付标准，Docker容器则涉及部署与运维，三者缺一不可！

Dockerfile 常用指令：

关键字：

FROM #基础镜像，当前新镜像是基于哪个镜像的

MAINTAINER #镜像维护者信息，一般是姓名+邮箱

RUN #容器构建时所需要运行的命令

EXPOSE #当前容器对外保留出的端口

WORKDIR #指定在创建容器后，终端默认登录进来的工作目录

ENV #构建镜像过程中设置环境变量

ADD #将宿主机目录下的文件拷贝进镜像且ADD命令会自动处理URL和解压tar压缩包

COPY #类似ADD，拷贝宿主机的文件和目录到镜像中

VOLUME #容器数据卷，用于数据保存和持久化工作

CMD #指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令，dockerfile中可以有多个CMD指令，但只有最后一个生效

ENTRYPOINT #指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令，和CMD一样

ONBUILD #当构建一个被继承的Dockerfile时运行的命令，父镜像在被子镜像继承后，父镜像的ONBUILD被触发

使用Dockerfile构建一个自己的Centos镜像

1、编写Dockerfile

查看官方默认的CentOS的情况：

目的：使我们自己的镜像具备如下：登录后的默认路径、vim编辑器、查看网络配置ifconfig支持

准备编写Dockerfile文件

[root@wxy home]# mkdir mycentos
[root@wxy home]# cd mycentos/
[root@wxy mycentos]# ls
[root@wxy mycentos]# mkdir dockerfile-test
[root@wxy mycentos]# ls
dockerfile-test
[root@wxy mycentos]# cd dockerfile-test/
[root@wxy dockerfile-test]# vim mydockerfile-centos
[root@wxy dockerfile-test]# cat mydockerfile-centos 
FROM centos
MAINTAINER wxy<12345@qq.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 9800

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "--------end---- -"
CMD /bin/bash

2、构建

docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .

注意最后一个.别漏了， .表示当前目录

[root@wxy dockerfile-test]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER wxy<12345@qq.com>
 ---> Running in 3a1cb3e6e5a4
 ---> 802bfb07b9cc
Removing intermediate container 3a1cb3e6e5a4
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 4deaa628d401
 ---> c2fef24e1a8b
Removing intermediate container 4deaa628d401
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> 97d27980f64c
Removing intermediate container 1ee53e441e70
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in ab569156525f

CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      5.3 MB/s | 8.4 MB     00:01    
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         8.8 MB/s | 4.6 MB     00:00    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                          12 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-16.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-16.el8         appstream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-16.el8         appstream       49 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-16.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm        421 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch.rp 1.3 MB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(3/5): which-2.21-16.el8.x86_64.rpm             1.4 MB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64.rpm     16 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:00    
(5/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64.rpm  2.8 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           6.1 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:01     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-16.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-16.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-16.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
 ---> 7760f2961d01
Removing intermediate container ab569156525f
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in 1b744805bd84

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:08 ago on Sat Jan 15 06:27:34 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 942 k
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   6.1 MB/s | 322 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           320 kB/s | 322 kB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                                     

Complete!
 ---> aa6cc4dd61fd
Removing intermediate container 1b744805bd84
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 9800
 ---> Running in a8f69025a496
 ---> a01c616f0ae3
Removing intermediate container a8f69025a496
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in ca8f58a9b757
 ---> 858b4f5cc829
Removing intermediate container ca8f58a9b757
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "--------end---- -"
 ---> Running in 7f6a92f39011
 ---> 319cf5a42b4a
Removing intermediate container 7f6a92f39011
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 36e18074ee53
 ---> 87d59549a036
Removing intermediate container 36e18074ee53
Successfully built 87d59549a036

3、运行

docker run -it 新镜像名称：TAG

[root@wxy dockerfile-test]# docker run -it mycentos:0.1
[root@65bc0003ac9c local]# docker ps -a
bash: docker: command not found
[root@65bc0003ac9c local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@65bc0003ac9c local]# vim
[root@65bc0003ac9c local]# vim test
[root@65bc0003ac9c local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.0.4  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe12:4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:ac:12:00:04  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@65bc0003ac9c local]#

可以看到，我们自己的镜像已经支持vim、ifconfig命令。

王9911

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看完这篇让你彻底搞懂 Dockerfile

Dockerfile 作用：Dockerfile 就是Docker 中用来一键安装项目所有依赖的一个“命令文件” ，这里面都是按照Docker 官方要求进行命令编写， build 时候就会按照类似shell 命令一步一步执行并构建一个镜像；说明：从应用软件的角度来看，DockerFile，docker镜像与docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段。 DockerFile 是软件的原材料（代码） Docker 镜像则是软件的交付品（.apk） Docker 容器则是软件的运
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