如何在Docker容器中挂载主机目录

本文翻译自：How to mount a host directory in a Docker container

I am trying to mount a host directory into a Docker container so that any updates done on the host is reflected into the Docker containers. 我正在尝试将主机目录挂载到Docker容器中，以便主机上完成的所有更新都将反映到Docker容器中。

Where am I doing something wrong. 我在哪里做错了。 Here is what I did: 这是我所做的：

kishore$ cat Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:trusty
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y install git curl vim
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
WORKDIR /test_container
VOLUME ["/test_container"]

kishore$ tree
.
├── Dockerfile
└── main_folder
    ├── tfile1.txt
    ├── tfile2.txt
    ├── tfile3.txt
    └── tfile4.txt

1 directory, 5 files kishore$ pwd /Users/kishore/tdock

kishore$ docker build --tag=k3_s3:latest .

Uploading context 7.168 kB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM ubuntu:trusty
 ---> 99ec81b80c55
Step 1 : RUN apt-get update
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 1c7282005040
Step 2 : RUN apt-get -y install git curl vim
 ---> Using cache
 ---> aed48634e300
Step 3 : CMD ["/bin/bash"]
 ---> Running in d081b576878d
 ---> 65db8df48595
Step 4 : WORKDIR /test_container
 ---> Running in 5b8d2ccd719d
 ---> 250369b30e1f
Step 5 : VOLUME ["/test_container"]
 ---> Running in 72ca332d9809
 ---> 163deb2b1bc5
Successfully built 163deb2b1bc5
Removing intermediate container b8bfcb071441
Removing intermediate container d081b576878d
Removing intermediate container 5b8d2ccd719d
Removing intermediate container 72ca332d9809

kishore$ docker run -d -v /Users/kishore/main_folder:/test_container k3_s3:latest c9f9a7e09c54ee1c2cc966f15c963b4af320b5203b8c46689033c1ab8872a0ea

kishore$ docker run -i -t k3_s3:latest /bin/bash

root@0f17e2313a46:/test_container# ls -al
total 8
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Apr 29 05:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 66 root root 4096 Apr 29 05:15 ..

root@0f17e2313a46:/test_container# exit exit

kishore$ docker -v
Docker version 0.9.1, build 867b2a9

• I don't know how to check boot2docker version 我不知道如何检查boot2docker版本

Questions, issues facing: 问题，面临的问题：

1. How do I need to link the main_folder to the test_container folder present inside the docker container? 我该如何将main_folder链接到docker容器内的test_container文件夹？
2. I need to make this automatically. 我需要自动进行此操作。 How do I to do that without really using the run -d -v command? 如何在不真正使用run -d -v命令的情况下做到这一点？
3. What happens if the boot2docker crashes? 如果boot2docker崩溃怎么办？ Where are the Docker files stored (apart from Dockerfile)? Docker文件存储在何处（除了Dockerfile）？

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/1aLaQ/如何在Docker容器中挂载主机目录

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#2楼

There are a couple ways you can do this. 您可以通过几种方法来执行此操作。 The simplest way to do so is to use the dockerfile ADD command like so: 最简单的方法是使用dockerfile ADD命令，如下所示：

ADD . /path/inside/docker/container

However, any changes made to this directory on the host after building the dockerfile will not show up in the container. 但是，构建dockerfile之后，主机上对此目录所做的任何更改都不会显示在容器中。 This is because when building a container, docker compresses the directory into a .tar and uploads that context into the container permanently. 这是因为在构建容器时，docker将目录压缩为.tar并将该上下文永久上传到容器中。

The second way to do this is the way you attempted, which is to mount a volume. 执行此操作的第二种方法是您尝试的方法，即装入卷。 Due to trying to be as portable as possible you cannot map a host directory to a docker container directory within a dockerfile, because the host directory can change depending on which machine you are running on. 由于尝试尽可能地可移植，您无法将主机目录映射到dockerfile中的docker容器目录，因为主机目录可以根据运行的机器而更改。 To map a host directory to a docker container directory you need to use the -v flag when using docker run like so: 要将主机目录映射到Docker容器目录，需要在使用docker run时使用-v标志，如下所示：

docker run -v /host/directory:/container/directory -other -options image_name command_to_run

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#3楼

Is it possible that you use docker on OS X via boot2docker or something similar. 是否有可能通过boot2docker或类似方式在OS X上使用boot2docker 。

I've made the same experience - the command is correct but nothing (sensible) is mounted in the container, anyway. 我也有相同的经验-该命令是正确的，但是无论如何，容器中没有安装任何（明智的）命令。

As it turns out - it's already explained in the docker documentation . 事实证明，它已经在docker文档中进行了解释。 When you type docker run -v /var/logs/on/host:/var/logs/in/container ... then /var/logs/on/host is actually mapped from the boot2docker VM-image, not your Mac. 当您键入docker run -v /var/logs/on/host:/var/logs/in/container ... /var/logs/on/host实际上是从boot2docker VM映像而不是Mac映射的。

You'll have to pipe the shared folder through your VM to your actual host (the Mac in my case). 您必须将共享文件夹通过您的VM通过管道传输到实际主机（在我的情况下为Mac）。

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#4楼

boot2docker together with VirtualBox Guest Additions boot2docker以及VirtualBox来宾添加
How to mount /Users into boot2docker 如何将/用户挂载到boot2docker

https://medium.com/boot2docker-lightweight-linux-for-docker/boot2docker-together-with-virtualbox-guest-additions-da1e3ab2465c https://medium.com/boot2docker-lightweight-linux-for-docker/boot2docker-together-with-virtualbox-guest-additions-da1e3ab2465c

tl;dr Build your own custom boot2docker.iso with VirtualBox Guest Additions (see link ) or download http://static.dockerfiles.io/boot2docker-v1.0.1-virtualbox-guest-additions-v4.3.12.iso and save it to ~/.boot2docker/boot2docker.iso. tl; dr使用VirtualBox Guest Additions（请参阅链接 ）构建自己的自定义boot2docker.iso或下载http://static.dockerfiles.io/boot2docker-v1.0.1-virtualbox-guest-additions-v4.3.12.iso并保存到〜/ .boot2docker / boot2docker.iso。

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#5楼

you can use -v option from cli, this facility is not available via Dockerfile 您可以使用cli中的-v选项，该功能无法通过Dockerfile使用

docker run -t -i -v <host_dir>:<container_dir> ubuntu /bin/bash

where host_dir is the directory from host which you want to mount. 其中host_dir是要挂载的主机目录。 you don't need to worry about directory of container if it doesn't exist docker will create it. 您无需担心容器的目录（如果不存在），docker将创建它。

If you do any changes in host_dir from host machine (under root privilege) it will be visible to container and vice versa. 如果您从主机（在root特权下）对host_dir进行任何更改，它将对容器可见，反之亦然。

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#6楼

How do I link the main_folder to the test_container folder present inside the docker container? 如何将main_folder链接到docker容器中存在的test_container文件夹？

Your command below is correct, unless your on a mac using boot2docker(depending on future updates) in which case you may find the folder empty. 您的以下命令是正确的，除非在Mac上使用boot2docker（取决于将来的更新），在这种情况下，您可能会发现该文件夹为空。 See mattes answer for a tutorial on correcting this. 有关更正此问题的教程，请参见遮罩答案。

docker run -d -v /Users/kishore/main_folder:/test_container k3_s3:latest

I need to make this run automatically, how to do that without really using the run -d -v command. 我需要自动运行该程序，如何在不真正使用run -d -v命令的情况下执行此操作。

You can't really get away from using these commands, they are intrinsic to the way docker works. 您真的无法摆脱使用这些命令的麻烦，它们是docker工作方式所固有的。 You would be best off putting them into a shell script to save you writing them out repeatedly. 您最好将它们放入shell脚本中，以免您反复将它们写出来。

What happens if boot2docker crashes? 如果boot2docker崩溃怎么办？ Where are the docker files stored? Docker文件存储在哪里？

If you manage to use the -v arg and reference your host machine then the files will be safe on your host. 如果您设法使用-v arg并引用您的主机，则文件将在您的主机上安全。

If you've used 'docker build -t myimage .' 如果您使用了'docker build -t myimage'。 with a Dockerfile then your files will be baked into the image. 使用Dockerfile，您的文件将被烘焙到映像中。

Your docker images, i believe, are stored in the boot2docker-vm. 我相信您的docker映像存储在boot2docker-vm中。 I found this out when my images disappeared when i delete the vm from VirtualBox. 当我从VirtualBox删除虚拟机时图像消失时，我发现了这一点。 (Note, i don't know how Virtualbox works, so the images might be still hidden somewhere else, just not visible to docker). （请注意，我不知道Virtualbox的工作方式，因此图像可能仍隐藏在其他地方，只是对docker不可见）。