Javaweb Servlet基础学习记录(3)—重定向与请求转发(重定向)

Javaweb Servlet基础学习记录(3)—重定向与请求转发(重定向)

 前两个小节记录了Servlet请求的两种方式，数据请求完后就应有相应的响应跳转，跳转分为重定向和请求转发。
一、重定向
 重定向是指由原请求地址重新定位到某个新地址，原有的request请求失效，客户端看到的是新的request请求返回的响应结果，客户端浏览器地址栏变为新请求地址。最直观的表现是跳转后地址栏发生改变，由某一个地址重定向到另一个地址。
举例：


 重定向过程图（演示由请求ServletA到ServletB的重定向过程）：

 现实生活举例（图片转载自CSDN博主「阿顾同学」的原创文章，原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010452388/article/details/80398929）：

 重定向通过HttpServletResponse对象的sendRedirect()方法实现，该方法会通知客户端去重新访问新指定的URL地址，其语法格式如下:

public void sendRedirect(java.lang.String location)throws java.io.IOException

• location参数用以指定更定向的URL,它可以是相对路径或绝对路径。
  示例：

response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/index.jsp");

表示重定向到当前应用程序(ClassDemo02)的根目录下的index. jsp页面
 演示：
 创建ResultServlet

package com;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ResultServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ResultServlet")
public class ResultServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public ResultServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 解决中文乱码问题
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.print("<p>请求ResultServlet</p>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

运行结果

 创建RedirectServlet

package com;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class RedirectServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/RedirectServlet")
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public RedirectServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			
		System.out.println("重定向之前");
		response.sendRedirect("/classDemo02/ResultServlet");
		System.out.println("重定向之后");
		
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

运行查看控制台，确认执行了RedirectServlet

但前端出现了小错误

因为重定向的根目录地址大小写出现错误，码代码一定不要粗心

response.sendRedirect("/classDemo02/ResultServlet");

修改后

response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet");

保存，重启服务器运行
前端输入地址http://localhost:8080/ClassDemo02/RedirectServlet

回车后重定向到了http://localhost:8080/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet

地址栏发生改变，通过HttpServletResponse对象实现response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet");完成