Javaweb Servlet基础学习记录(3)—重定向与请求转发(重定向)
前两个小节记录了Servlet请求的两种方式,数据请求完后就应有相应的响应跳转,跳转分为重定向和请求转发。
一、重定向
重定向是指由原请求地址重新定位到某个新地址,原有的request请求失效,客户端看到的是新的request请求返回的响应结果,客户端浏览器地址栏变为新请求地址。最直观的表现是跳转后地址栏发生改变,由某一个地址重定向到另一个地址。
举例:
重定向过程图(演示由请求ServletA到ServletB的重定向过程):
现实生活举例(图片转载自CSDN博主「阿顾同学」的原创文章,原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u010452388/article/details/80398929):
重定向通过HttpServletResponse对象的sendRedirect()方法实现,该方法会通知客户端去重新访问新指定的URL地址,其语法格式如下:
public void sendRedirect(java.lang.String location)throws java.io.IOException
- location参数用以指定更定向的URL,它可以是相对路径或绝对路径。
示例:
response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/index.jsp");
表示重定向到当前应用程序(ClassDemo02)的根目录下的index. jsp页面
演示:
创建ResultServlet
package com;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ResultServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/ResultServlet")
public class ResultServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public ResultServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 解决中文乱码问题
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print("<p>请求ResultServlet</p>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行结果
创建RedirectServlet
package com;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class RedirectServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/RedirectServlet")
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RedirectServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("重定向之前");
response.sendRedirect("/classDemo02/ResultServlet");
System.out.println("重定向之后");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行查看控制台,确认执行了RedirectServlet
但前端出现了小错误
因为重定向的根目录地址大小写出现错误,码代码一定不要粗心
response.sendRedirect("/classDemo02/ResultServlet");
修改后
response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet");
保存,重启服务器运行
前端输入地址http://localhost:8080/ClassDemo02/RedirectServlet
回车后重定向到了http://localhost:8080/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet
地址栏发生改变,通过HttpServletResponse对象实现response.sendRedirect("/ClassDemo02/ResultServlet");完成