FPGA——pwm呼吸灯

一、实验环境

quartus 18.1
modelsim
vscode
Cyclone IV开发板

二、实验任务

呼吸灯是指灯光在微电脑的控制之下完成由亮到暗的逐渐变化，感觉好像是人在呼吸。本次实验是使用开发板上的四个led灯实现1s间隔的呼吸灯。使4个led灯由暗到亮，再由亮到暗的过程。

三、实验过程

3.1 verilog代码

module pwm_led (
    input                   clk     ,
    input                   rst_n   ,

    output  reg     [3:0]   led     
);

parameter TIME_US = 6'd50;//50x20=1000ns=1us
parameter TIME_MS = 10'd999;//1usx1000=1ms
parameter TIME_S = 10'd999;//1msx1000=1s

reg     [5:0]   cnt_us;
reg     [9:0]   cnt_ms;
reg     [9:0]   cnt_s;
reg             flag;

wire  add_cnt_us;//开始计数的标志
wire  end_cnt_us;//结束计数的标志
wire  add_cnt_ms;
wire  end_cnt_ms;
wire  add_cnt_s;
wire  end_cnt_s;

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        cnt_us <= 6'd0;
    end
    else if(add_cnt_us)begin
        if(end_cnt_us)begin
            cnt_us <= 6'd0;
        end
        else begin
            cnt_us <= cnt_us + 1'd1;
        end
    end
    else begin
        cnt_us <= cnt_us;
    end
end

assign add_cnt_us = 1'b1;
assign end_cnt_us = add_cnt_us && cnt_us == TIME_US;

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        cnt_ms <= 10'd0;
    end
    else if(add_cnt_ms)begin
        if(end_cnt_ms)begin
            cnt_ms <= 10'd0;
        end
        else begin
            cnt_ms <= cnt_ms + 1'd1;
        end
    end
    else begin
        cnt_ms <= cnt_ms;
    end
end

assign add_cnt_ms = end_cnt_us;
assign end_cnt_ms = add_cnt_ms && cnt_ms == TIME_MS;

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        cnt_s <= 10'd0;
    end
    else if(add_cnt_s)begin
        if(end_cnt_s)begin
            cnt_s <= 10'd0;
        end
        else begin
            cnt_s <= cnt_s + 1'd1;
        end
    end
    else begin
        cnt_s <= cnt_s;
    end
end

assign add_cnt_s = end_cnt_ms;
assign end_cnt_s = add_cnt_s && cnt_s == TIME_S;

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        flag <= 1'b0;
    end
    else if(end_cnt_s)begin
        flag <= ~flag;
    end
    else begin
        flag <= flag;
    end
end

always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        led <= 4'b0000;
    end
    else if(!flag)begin//flag=0,led由灭到亮
        led <= {cnt_s > cnt_ms,cnt_s > cnt_ms,cnt_s > cnt_ms,cnt_s > cnt_ms};
    end
    else if(flag)begin//flag=1,led由亮到灭
        led <= {cnt_s < cnt_ms,cnt_s < cnt_ms,cnt_s < cnt_ms,cnt_s < cnt_ms};
    end
    else begin
        led <= led;
    end
end

endmodule

3.2 引脚配置

四、仿真

4.1 仿真代码

`timescale 1ns/1ns
module pwm_led_tb();
    reg     clk;
    reg     rst_n;

    wire    [3:0]   led;

    parameter CYCLE = 20;
    parameter TIME_US = 5;
    parameter TIME_MS = 10;
    parameter TIME_S  = 10;

    always #(CYCLE/2) clk = ~clk;

    initial begin
        clk = 1'b0;
        rst_n = 1'b0;
        #(CYCLE);
        rst_n = 1'b1;
        #(2*(TIME_US+1)*(TIME_MS+1)*(TIME_S+1)*CYCLE);
        $stop;
    end

pwm_led #(
.TIME_US (TIME_US),
.TIME_MS (TIME_MS),
.TIME_S  (TIME_S)
) u_pwm_led(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),

.led (led)
);

endmodule

4.2 仿真结果

五、实验结果

六、总结

本次实验主要是需要理解呼吸灯实现的原理，这里我们采用了三个计数寄存器，从us计到ms再到s，最后通过判断s计数器大于ms计数器的时间来决定led亮的时间，这样就可以实现led由暗到亮的效果。