一、Datax介绍
官网: DataX/introduction.md at master · alibaba/DataX · GitHub
DataX 是阿里云 DataWorks数据集成 的开源版本,在阿里巴巴集团内被广泛使用的
离线数据同步工具
/平台。DataX 实现了包括 MySQL、Oracle、OceanBase、SqlServer、Postgre、HDFS、Hive、ADS、HBase、TableStore(OTS)、MaxCompute(ODPS)、Hologres、DRDS, databend 等各种异构数据源之间高效的数据同步功能。
Datax架构说明
Datax数据处理流程
二、Datax的使用说明
Datax在使用是主要编写json文件,在json中定义read如何读取 write如何写入
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格式
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel": 3 }, "errorLimit": { "record": 0, "percentage": 0.02 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "column": [ "id", "name" ], "splitPk": "db_id", "connection": [ { "table": [ "table" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/database" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "streamwriter", "parameter": { "print":true } } } ] } }
简单使用
读取mysql数据在终端中输出结果
-- 在mysql中创建库表 create database itcast charset=utf8; use itcast; create table student( id int, name varchar(20), age int, gender varchar(20) ); insert into student values(1,'张三',20,'男'), (2,'李四',21,'男'), (3,'王五',19,'男'), (4,'赵六',22,'男');
编写datax的json文件
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel": 3 }, "errorLimit": { "record": 0, "percentage": 0.02 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "column": [ "id", "name", "age", "gender" ], "splitPk": "id", "connection": [ { "table": [ "student" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "streamwriter", "parameter": { "print":true } } } ] } }
在datax的job目录下创建json文件
cd /export/server/datax/job/
执行json文件中的配置信息
cd /export/server/datax/bin python datax.py ../job/mysql_data.json
Mysql使用sql语句读取数据
sql语句可以实现对数据的筛选过滤
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel":1 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "connection": [ { "querySql": [ "select * from student where id>=3;" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "streamwriter", "parameter": { "print": true, "encoding": "UTF-8" } } } ] } }
三、Mysql数据导入HDFS
读取mysql数据
写入到hdfs
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel":1 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "column": [ "id", "name", "age", "gender" ], "splitPk": "id", "connection": [ { "table": [ "student" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "hdfswriter", "parameter": { "defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020", "fileType": "text", "path": "/data", "fileName": "student", "column": [ { "name": "id", "type": "int" }, { "name": "name", "type": "string" }, { "name": "age", "type": "INT" }, { "name": "gender", "type": "string" } ], "writeMode": "append", "fieldDelimiter": "\t" } } } ] } }
使用sql语句导入需要指定jdbc连接参数
当数据中有中文是需要增加参数
jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel":1 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "connection": [ { "querySql": [ "select * from student where gender='男';" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "hdfswriter", "parameter": { "defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020", "fileType": "text", "path": "/data", "fileName": "student", "column": [ { "name": "id", "type": "int" }, { "name": "name", "type": "string" }, { "name": "age", "type": "INT" }, { "name": "gender", "type": "string" } ], "writeMode": "append", "fieldDelimiter": "\t" } } } ] } }
四、Mysql数据导入Hive表
hive的表是由两部分构成的
表的元数据 hive的metastore管理
表的行数据 hdfs上以文件的方式存储
导入hive表的数据本质就是将mysql中的数据导入hdfs中,将数据按照hive表的路径进行导入
1-启动hive服务 metastore hiveserve2
2-配置datagrip连接
3-创建hive表
show databases ; create database itcast; use itcast; create table stu( id int, name string, age int, gender string )row format delimited fields terminated by ','; select * from stu;
4-hive表的数据导入,本质就是将数据写入hdfs的表目录中
编写json文件
{ "job": { "setting": { "speed": { "channel":1 } }, "content": [ { "reader": { "name": "mysqlreader", "parameter": { "username": "root", "password": "123456", "column": [ "id", "name", "age", "gender" ], "splitPk": "id", "connection": [ { "table": [ "student" ], "jdbcUrl": [ "jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.80:3306/itcast" ] } ] } }, "writer": { "name": "hdfswriter", "parameter": { "defaultFS": "hdfs://192.168.88.80:8020", "fileType": "text", "path": "/user/hive/warehouse/itcast.db/stu", "fileName": "stu", "column": [ { "name": "id", "type": "int" }, { "name": "name", "type": "string" }, { "name": "age", "type": "INT" }, { "name": "gender", "type": "string" } ], "writeMode": "append", "fieldDelimiter": "," } } } ] } }
五、Datax-web介绍
datax-web是基于datax进行的二次开发,提供了一个可视化web页面,方便开发人员定义datax任务,并且能自动生成json文件
六、Datax-Web使用
6-1 启动服务
/export/server/datax-web-2.1.2/bin/start-all.sh
6-2 访问页面
6-3 使用
6-3-1 创建项目
6-3-2 创建数据源连接
6-3-3 任务管理的模板生成
可以设置定时执行
6-3-4 生成datax任务
6-3-5 任务执行