目录
一、Bert 预训练模型准备
中文预训练模型下载 当Bert遇上Keras：这可能是Bert最简单的打开姿势 keras-bert
不同模型的性能对比如下（可根据自己的数据选择合适的模型，模型越大需要训练的时间越长）
| 模型 | 开发集 | 测试集 |
|---|---|---|
| BERT | 83.1 (82.7) / 89.9 (89.6) | 82.2 (81.6) / 89.2 (88.8) |
| ERNIE | 73.2 (73.0) / 83.9 (83.8) | 71.9 (71.4) / 82.5 (82.3) |
| BERT-wwm | 84.3 (83.4) / 90.5 (90.2) | 82.8 (81.8) / 89.7 (89.0) |
| BERT-wwm-ext | 85.0 (84.5) / 91.2 (90.9) | 83.6 (83.0) / 90.4 (89.9) |
| RoBERTa-wwm-ext | 86.6 (85.9) / 92.5 (92.2) | 85.6 (85.2) / 92.0 (91.7) |
| RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large | 89.6 (89.1) / 94.8 (94.4) | 89.6 (88.9) / 94.5 (94.1) |
二、Bert 模型文本分类
1、数据准备
使用的仍是用户评论情感极性判别的数据
训练集：data_train.csv ，样本数为82025，情感极性标签（0：负面、1：中性、2：正面）
测试集：data_test.csv ，样本数为35157
评论数据主要包括：食品餐饮类，旅游住宿类，金融服务类，医疗服务类，物流快递类；部分数据如下：
2、代码实现
import pandas as pd
import codecs, gc
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
from keras_bert import load_trained_model_from_checkpoint, Tokenizer
from keras.metrics import top_k_categorical_accuracy
from keras.layers import *
from keras.callbacks import *
from keras.models import Model
import keras.backend as K
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.utils import to_categorical
#读取训练集和测试集
train_df=pd.read_csv('data/data_train.csv', sep='\t', names=['id', 'type', 'contents', 'labels']).astype(str)
test_df=pd.read_csv('data/data_test.csv', sep='\t', names=['id', 'type', 'contents']).astype(str)
maxlen = 100 #设置序列长度为120，要保证序列长度不超过512
#预训练好的模型
config_path = 'chinese_roberta_wwm_large_ext_L-24_H-1024_A-16/bert_config.json'
checkpoint_path = 'chinese_roberta_wwm_large_ext_L-24_H-1024_A-16/bert_model.ckpt'
dict_path = 'chinese_roberta_wwm_large_ext_L-24_H-1024_A-16/vocab.txt'
#将词表中的词编号转换为字典
token_dict = {}
with codecs.open(dict_path, 'r', 'utf8') as reader:
for line in reader:
token = line.strip()
token_dict[token] = len(token_dict)
#重写tokenizer
class OurTokenizer(Tokenizer):
def _tokenize(self, text):
R = []
for c in text:
if c in self._token_dict:
R.append(c)
elif self._is_space(c):
R.append('[unused1]') # 用[unused1]来表示空格类字符
else:
R.append('[UNK]') # 不在列表的字符用[UNK]表示
return R
tokenizer = OurTokenizer(token_dict)
#让每条文本的长度相同，用0填充
def seq_padding(X, padding=0):
L = [len(x) for x in X]
ML = max(L)
return np.array([
np.concatenate([x, [padding] * (ML - len(x))]) if len(x) < ML else x for x in X
])
#data_generator只是一种为了节约内存的数据方式
class data_generator:
def __init__(self, data, batch_size=32, shuffle=True):
self.data = data
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.steps = len(self.data) // self.batch_size
if len(self.data) % self.batch_size != 0:
self.steps += 1
def __len__(self):
return self.steps
def __iter__(self):
while True:
idxs = list(range(len(self.data)))
if self.shuffle:
np.random.shuffle(idxs)
X1, X2, Y = [], [], []
for i in idxs:
d = self.data[i]
text = d[0][:maxlen]
x1, x2 = tokenizer.encode(first=text)
y = d[1]
X1.append(x1)
X2.append(x2)
Y.append([y])
if len(X1) == self.batch_size or i == idxs[-1]:
X1 = seq_padding(X1)
X2 = seq_padding(X2)
Y = seq_padding(Y)
yield [X1, X2], Y[:, 0, :]
[X1, X2, Y] = [], [], []
#计算top-k正确率,当预测值的前k个值中存在目标类别即认为预测正确
def acc_top2(y_true, y_pred):
return top_k_categorical_accuracy(y_true, y_pred, k=2)
#bert模型设置
def build_bert(nclass):
bert_model = load_trained_model_from_checkpoint(config_path, checkpoint_path, seq_len=None) #加载预训练模型
for l in bert_model.layers:
l.trainable = True
x1_in = Input(shape=(None,))
x2_in = Input(shape=(None,))
x = bert_model([x1_in, x2_in])
x = Lambda(lambda x: x[:, 0])(x) # 取出[CLS]对应的向量用来做分类
p = Dense(nclass, activation='softmax')(x)
model = Model([x1_in, x2_in], p)
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
optimizer=Adam(1e-5), #用足够小的学习率
metrics=['accuracy', acc_top2])
print(model.summary())
return model
#训练数据、测试数据和标签转化为模型输入格式
DATA_LIST = []
for data_row in train_df.iloc[:].itertuples():
DATA_LIST.append((data_row.contents, to_categorical(data_row.labels, 3)))
DATA_LIST = np.array(DATA_LIST)
DATA_LIST_TEST = []
for data_row in test_df.iloc[:].itertuples():
DATA_LIST_TEST.append((data_row.contents, to_categorical(0, 3)))
DATA_LIST_TEST = np.array(DATA_LIST_TEST)
#交叉验证训练和测试模型
def run_cv(nfold, data, data_labels, data_test):
kf = KFold(n_splits=nfold, shuffle=True, random_state=520).split(data)
train_model_pred = np.zeros((len(data), 3))
test_model_pred = np.zeros((len(data_test), 3))
for i, (train_fold, test_fold) in enumerate(kf):
X_train, X_valid, = data[train_fold, :], data[test_fold, :]
model = build_bert(3)
early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_acc', patience=3) #早停法，防止过拟合
plateau = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor="val_acc", verbose=1, mode='max', factor=0.5, patience=2) #当评价指标不在提升时，减少学习率
checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint('./bert_dump/' + str(i) + '.hdf5', monitor='val_acc',verbose=2, save_best_only=True, mode='max', save_weights_only=True) #保存最好的模型
train_D = data_generator(X_train, shuffle=True)
valid_D = data_generator(X_valid, shuffle=True)
test_D = data_generator(data_test, shuffle=False)
#模型训练
model.fit_generator(
train_D.__iter__(),
steps_per_epoch=len(train_D),
epochs=5,
validation_data=valid_D.__iter__(),
validation_steps=len(valid_D),
callbacks=[early_stopping, plateau, checkpoint],
)
# model.load_weights('./bert_dump/' + str(i) + '.hdf5')
# return model
train_model_pred[test_fold, :] = model.predict_generator(valid_D.__iter__(), steps=len(valid_D), verbose=1)
test_model_pred += model.predict_generator(test_D.__iter__(), steps=len(test_D), verbose=1)
del model
gc.collect() #清理内存
K.clear_session() #clear_session就是清除一个session
# break
return train_model_pred, test_model_pred
#n折交叉验证
train_model_pred, test_model_pred = run_cv(2, DATA_LIST, None, DATA_LIST_TEST)
test_pred = [np.argmax(x) for x in test_model_pred]
#将测试集预测结果写入文件
output=pd.DataFrame({'id':test_df.id,'sentiment':test_pred})
output.to_csv('data/results.csv', index=None)
3、分类过程与结果
在服务器上跑了两天，终于完成了……
最终提交结果F1-score达到了94.90%，比使用的其他模型效果都好。
直接看排名结果，一下子上升到了第一，哈哈哈
Bert文本分类（keras-bert实现）源代码及数据集资源下载：
项目实战-Bert文本分类（keras-bert实现）源代码及数据集.zip-自然语言处理文档类资源-CSDN下载
本人博文NLP学习内容目录：
一、NLP基础学习
二、NLP项目实战
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