AsyncTask源码分析

AsyncTask类是android开发中过去最常用的类。提供了异步编程范式，新建子线程，结果的主线程回调，进度的通知。

AsyncTask是抽象泛型类，Params运行入参，Progress进度通知，Result结果回调。

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {

ThreadPoolExecutor中配置的参数是CORE_POOL_SIZE（核心线程最少保持2个，最多4个线程），MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE（最多开启线程为CPU核心数2倍+1，队列满的时候才会启用），KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS（非核心线程空闲生存时间），sPoolWorkQueue（任务等待队列128，就是在核心线程忙碌时，再提交任务会放队列中），sThreadFactory（创建的线程用"AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement()命名），特别注意当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时，线程池中CORE_POOL_SIZE线程空闲时间达到KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS也将关闭。

private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // We want at least 2 threads and at most 4 threads in the core pool,
    // preferring to have 1 less than the CPU count to avoid saturating
    // the CPU with background work
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
     */
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

mStatus标志着当前任务的执行状态，分为待执行，执行中，和完成。

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

    public enum Status {
    
        PENDING,
     
        RUNNING,
     
        FINISHED,
    }

AsyncTask 新创建的对象只能调用execute一次，因为只有处于初始状态Status.PENDING下，才能提交任务执行。RUNNING，FINISHED会直接报错。

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

InternalHandler 继承Handler,主要是提供异步任务与主线程之间的通信。MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS，MESSAGE_POST_RESULT两种消息类型分别是进度和结果。

 private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;

  private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]) ,如果mCancelled被设置了true,则调用onCancelled函数，否则完成时会调用onPostExecute，并设置mStatus为完成。

private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }
public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mCancelled.get();
    }

SerialExecutor是序列提交执行，也就是一个接一个的提交执行， r.run();之后scheduleNext（)；一个个交给THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR执行。mTasks.offer放到队尾， mTasks.poll()从队头取出。之所以默认顺序在线程池执行，是因为多线程并发执行一般会引发额外的错误。

   private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

 private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }```




doInBackground是后台执行的用户实现方法，onPreExecute执行前会被调用，onPostExecute后台任务执行后被调用。onProgressUpdate后台任务执行中的进度通知。
```java
 
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

WorkerRunnable是一个封装任务的类。AsyncTaskResult是一个保存执行结果的类。

 private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }

AsyncTask构造函数逐级调用，默认使用Looper.getMainLooper()构造Handler.匿名实现WorkerRunnable，在call 方法中设置mTaskInvoked调用标识位为true. 调用doInBackground执行后台任务，完成后，postResult函数返回结果result。FutureTask封装WorkerRunnable，并在done回调中，检查WorkerRunnable是否执行过，如果未被调用执行postResult。 postResult 通过message handler机制发送结果。 result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);

    public AsyncTask() {
        this((Looper) null);
    }
    public AsyncTask(@Nullable Handler handler) {
        this(handler != null ? handler.getLooper() : null);
    }
  
    public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
        mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
            ? getMainHandler()
            : new Handler(callbackLooper);

        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }


 private static Handler getMainHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }
   private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

AsyncTask代码还算比较少，清晰简单，向我们示范了异步编程。