一 定义:
Observer Pattern 基本精神为一个被观察者对应多个观察者,当被观察者的状态改变时候,会通知观察者,属于行为型模式。
二 应用:
Java源码中实现了一个 Observer Pattern。
java.util.Observable 被观察对象,维护了一个观察者列表(Vector<Observer> obs),还有一个同步方法。
java.util.Observer 观察对象,void update(Observable o, Object arg),接口内仅此一个方法。
三 实例演示(该实例为Head First设计模式模式中实例):
需求:设计一个气象站,当被观察对象数据改变时,观察者对象会接收到通知。
// 观察者对象接口
public interface Observer {
/**
* This method is used to update the data about the weather
*
* @param temp
* @param humidity
* @param pressure
*/
public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure);
}
// 被观察者(主题)接口
public interface Subject {
/**
* This method is used to register an observable object
* @param o observable object
*/
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
/**
* This method is used to remove an observable object
* @param o observable object
*/
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
/**
* This method is used to notify all observable objects
*
*/
public void notifyObservers();
}
// 看板接口
public interface DisplayElement {
/**
* This method is used to show the data
*
*/
public void display();
}
// 天气数据实现类
public class WeatherData implements Subject{
private float temp;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
private List observers;
public WeatherData() {
observers = new ArrayList();
}
@Override
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
observers.add(o);
}
@Override
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
if (i >= 0){
observers.remove(i);
}
}
@Override
public void notifyObservers() {
for (int i = 0;i < observers.size();i++){
Observer observer = (Observer)observers.get(i);
observer.update(temp,humidity,pressure);
}
}
public void measurementsChanged(){
notifyObservers();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temp,float humidity,float pressure){
this.temp = temp;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
measurementsChanged();
}
}
// 观察者对象实现类
public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement {
private float temp;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;
private Subject WeatherData;
public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
this.WeatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temp = temp;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
display();
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions " + temp + "F degree and " + humidity + " pressure are " + pressure);
}
}
// 测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionDisplay currentConditionDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80,65,30.4f);
}
}
四 引用与参考
Head First设计模式 中文版
五 小提示
因为本人水平有限,标红的部分可能会有错误或待补充之处,希望大家提出宝贵意见,感激不尽。