用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
如果玩过魔兽争霸3都知道剑圣有一个技能叫镜像,分裂出两个和自身属性一样的假剑圣,只是没有攻击力。
考虑一下创建假剑圣的过程,剑圣有等级、力量、敏捷、智力等可变属性,如果用new的方式创建,则需要把每个属性重新设置一遍。
BladeMaster fake1 = new BladeMaster();
fake1.setLevel(origin.getLevel());
fake1.setStr(origin.getStr());
fake1.setDex(origin.getDex());
fake1.setIntelligence(origin.getIntelligence());
fake1.setAttack(0);
如何更简单的创建对象,避免设置属性的过程?克隆。
修改后的代码:
public class BladeMaster implements Cloneable {
private int level;
private int str;
private int dex;
private int intelligence;
private int attack;
public BladeMaster() {
}
public BladeMaster(int level, int str, int dex, int intelligence, int attack) {
this.level = level;
this.str = str;
this.dex = dex;
this.intelligence = intelligence;
this.attack = attack;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("[lvl: %d, str: %d, dex: %d, int: %d, atk: %d]", level, str, dex, intelligence, attack);
}
//getter/setter略
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
BladeMaster bladeMaster = new BladeMaster(5, 55, 80, 30, 100);
System.out.println(bladeMaster.toString());
BladeMaster mirror1 = (BladeMaster)bladeMaster.clone();
mirror1.setAttack(0);
System.out.println(mirror1.toString());
BladeMaster mirror2 = (BladeMaster)bladeMaster.clone();
mirror2.setAttack(0);
System.out.println(mirror2.toString());
}
上述过程虽然只是调用了clone方法,但是已经是应用了原型模式,可以说是最简单的设计模式了。