在实际开发中,我们往往需要知道哪个按钮被选中了,才能进行下一步的操作。例如对于一组单选按钮,只有一个选项能被选中,最好的办法是将这组按钮作为参数传入一个函数,通过函数返回值判断哪个按钮被选中了。
但遗憾的是,在Windows中不能一次性获得一组按钮的选中状态,只能一个一个地遍历。复选框也是如此。
可以通过SendMessage
函数发送BM_GETCHECK
消息来获取按钮的选中状态,返回 BST_CHECKED
表示按钮被选中,返回 BST_UNCHECKED
是未被选中。
SendMessage
原型为:
LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
HWND hWnd, //窗口(控件)句柄
UINT Msg, //消息类型
WPARAM wParam, //附加消息1
LPARAM lParam //附加消息2
);
注意:发送 BM_GETCHECK 消息时,wParam 和 lParam 两个参数必须都为 0。
下面的代码会判断一个按钮是否被选中。如果被选中,那么会获取按钮文本并保存到缓冲区:
if( SendMessage(hCheckBox, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(hCheckBox, szBuffer, 10);
}
对上节的例子进行改进,添加一个提交按钮,当用户点击该按钮时,获取用户的选项:
/*
tab 选项卡 SysTabControl32
listbox 列表框 ListBox
progress 进度条 msctls_progress32
ScrollBar 滚动条 ScrollBar
listview 列表视图 SysListView32
treeview 树状图 SysTreeView32
updown 滚动选框 msctls_updown32
*/
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow
) {
static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Win32Demo"); //窗口类名
HWND hwnd; //窗口句柄
MSG msg; //消息
WNDCLASS wndclass; //窗口类
hInst = hInstance;
/**********第①步:注册窗口类**********/
//为窗口类的各个字段赋值
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; //窗口风格
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; //窗口过程
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; //当前窗口句柄
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //窗口图标
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //鼠标样式
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE); //窗口背景画刷(灰色)
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //窗口菜单
wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName; //窗口类名
//注册窗口
RegisterClass(&wndclass);
/*****第②步:创建窗口(并让窗口显示出来)*****/
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szClassName, //窗口名字
TEXT("Welcome"), //窗口标题(出现在标题栏)
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //窗口风格
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时x轴的位置
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时y轴的位置
800, //窗口宽度
500, //窗口高度
NULL, //父窗口句柄
NULL, //窗口菜单句柄
hInstance, //当前窗口的句柄
NULL //不使用该值
);
//显示窗口
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
//更新(绘制)窗口
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
/**********第③步:消息循环**********/
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg); //翻译消息
DispatchMessage(&msg); //分派消息
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
//设置缓冲区
static TCHAR szBufSex[10]; //保存性别
static TCHAR szBufMarriage[10]; //保存婚姻状况
static TCHAR szBufPet[20]; //保存宠物
static TCHAR szBufSubmit[100]; //保存提交时显示的文本
static TCHAR szBufTmp[10]; //临时缓冲区
static HFONT hFont; //逻辑字体
//一组单选按钮
static HWND labSex; //静态文本框--性别
static HWND radioMale; //单选按钮--男
static HWND radioFemale; //单选按钮--女
//一组单选按钮
static HWND labMarriage; //静态文本框--婚姻状况
static HWND radioMarried; //单选按钮--已婚
static HWND radioSingle; //单选按钮--未婚
static HWND radioSecrecy; //单选按钮--保密
//一组复选框
static HWND labPet; //静态文本框--你的宠物
static HWND checkboxDog; //复选框--狗
static HWND checkboxCat; //复选框--猫
static HWND checkboxFish; //复选框--鱼
static HWND checkboxOther; //复选框--其他
static HWND btnSubmit; //按钮控件
switch (message) {
case WM_CREATE:
hFont = CreateFont(
-14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
);
//选择性别
labSex = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
10, 10, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
radioMale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
95, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
radioFemale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
150, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
//选择婚姻状况
labMarriage = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 40, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
);
radioMarried = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
95, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
);
radioSingle = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
165, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
);
radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
235, 40, 100, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
//你的宠物
labPet = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 70, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
95, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
150, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
205, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
260, 70, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
);
//创建按钮控件
btnSubmit = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("提 交"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT,
95, 110, 200, 36,
hWnd, (HMENU)13, hInst, NULL
);
SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(btnSubmit, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
if (wmEvent == BN_CLICKED) {
switch (wmId) {
//获取性别
case 2:
case 3:
GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufSex, 10);
break;
//获取婚姻状况
case 5:
case 6:
case 7:
GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufMarriage, 10);
break;
//获取宠物
case 9:
case 10:
case 11:
case 12:
memset(szBufPet, 0, sizeof(szBufPet));
//是否选中狗
if (SendMessage(checkboxDog, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
GetWindowText(checkboxDog, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
//是否选中猫
if (SendMessage(checkboxCat, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
GetWindowText(checkboxCat, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
//是否选中鱼
if (SendMessage(checkboxFish, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
GetWindowText(checkboxFish, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
//是否选中其他
if (SendMessage(checkboxOther, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
GetWindowText(checkboxOther, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
break;
//点击提交按钮
case 13:
wsprintf(szBufSubmit, TEXT("你的性别:%s\n婚姻状况:%s\r\n你的宠物:%s"), szBufSex, szBufMarriage, szBufPet);
MessageBox(hWnd, szBufSubmit, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
case WM_DESTROY:
DeleteObject(hFont);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
运行程序,做出选择:
用户点击控件时会产生 WM_COMMAND
消息,这时 wParam
参数的低16位表示控件ID,高16位表示控件通知码,lParam
表示控件句柄。
对于单选按钮,上面代码的思路是:根据控件ID判断当前按钮是否被选中,是的话就获取按钮文本,保存到缓冲区。
对于复选框,上面代码的思路是:根据控件ID判断当前复选框是否被选中,是的话就需要遍历所有复选框,检测它们的选中状态,并将所有被选中的复选框的文本保存到缓冲区。
单选按钮可以不发送 BM_GETCHECK
消息,因为一组中只能有一个被选中,就是当前被点击的这个。而复选框就不同了,一组中可以有多个被选中,所以必须发送 BM_GETCHECK
消息检测其他复选框的选中状态。