unit 9

###########################
##########unit.9###########
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########什么是openssh########
是一个提供远程访问控制的软件

########如何实现远程访问########

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip地址
ssh root@172.25.254.1
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.1 (172.25.254.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 55:dd:43:ce:bf:94:dd:91:49:e7:97:29:63:3d:02:02.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes                         ###建立安全传输key
root@172.25.254.1's password:                                                      ###密码输入没有回显
Last failed login: Sun Oct 11 16:56:29 CST 2015 from 172.25.254.206 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Sun Oct 11 16:55:46 2015 from 172.25.254.206
[root@foundation1 ~]#                                                             ###登陆成功
ctrl +d    |logout                                                                 ###退出
[root@foundation1 ~]# logout
Connection to 172.25.254.1 closed.


[root@kocalhost ~]# vim/etc/motd                                                  ###设置登陆显示字符


##########ssh的key认证##########

###生成key###
[test@foundation0 ~]$ ssh-keygen                                                      ###生成公钥和私钥的工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa):『enter』             ###指定加密字符保存文件，使用默认
Created directory '/home/test/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):                                          ###密码，必须大于4位
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:                                                                ###确认密码
a5:4f:02:51:68:59:f4:e8:e3:c5:91:1f:6f:86:99:06 test@foundation0.ilt.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|      .*+        |
|      +. o .     |
|     .. . E .    |
|       o + + *   |
|        S + * +  |
|       . * . o   |
|        . .      |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+

[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ pwd
/home/test/.ssh                                   ###生成密钥存放位置
[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ ls    
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub                               ###id_rsa位私钥，id_rsa.pub位公钥


##########使用key加密目标主机的目标用户##########

[test@foundation0 ~]$  ssh-copy-id -i /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub westos@172.25.254.100

The authenticity of host '172.25.254.100 (172.25.254.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
westos@172.25.254.100's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'westos@172.25.254.100'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

ssh-copy-id                     ###上传key的工具
            -i                  ###指定使用的公钥
/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub      ###使用公钥的名称
westos                          ###被管理的目标用户
172.25.154.100                  ###被管理用户所在主机的ip

authorized_keys                 ###此文件在目标用户的家目录的.ssh中，这个文件就是目标用户被加密的标识，文件内容位公钥内容。


2.sshd服务的简单配置
openssh-server配置文件
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config                ###sshd服务的配置文件

48 PermitRootLogin  yes|no              ###是否允许root用户通过sshd的认证      
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no        ###开启或关闭用户密码认证
49 AllowUsers    username               ###用户白名单，只允许在名单中出现的用户使用sshd服务
systemctl restart sshd                  ###重新加载配置



##########第九单元练习##########

1.在desktop主机中建立用户westos，并设定其密码为westoslinux
[root@desktop18 ~]# useradd westos
[root@desktop18 ~]# passwd westos
2.配置desktop中的sshd服务要求如下：
*）设定sshd服务只允许westos用户可以被访问使用
[root@desktop18 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
48 PermitRootLogin no
49 AllowUsers westos
*）创建westos用户的key认证方式
[westos@desktop18 ~]# ssh-keygen
*）设定westos用户只允许使用key认证方式，屏蔽其系统密码认证方式
[root@desktop18 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication no