一、前言
使用DMA通信的好处是,不占用单片机资源(不像普通串口中断,发送一个字节触发一次中断,发送100个字节触发100次中断;接收一个字节触发一次中断,接收200个字节触发200次中断),数据接收完毕触发一次DMA中断;发送数据完毕触发一次DMA中断。
下图是STM32F407单片机DMA通道关系图。
#define USART6_DMA_RX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH (255)
#define USART6_DMA_TX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH (255)
uint8_t USART6_DMA_RX_Buffer[USART6_DMA_RX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH];
uint8_t USART6_DMA_TX_Buffer[USART6_DMA_TX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH];
1、USART6 TX DMA初始化程序
//是否可以这么认为,USART6如果DMA的TX使用DMA2_Stream6,则USART6如果DMA的RX必须使用DMA2_Stream1
// USART6如果DMA的TX使用DMA2_Stream7,则USART6如果DMA的RX必须使用DMA2_Stream2
void USART6_DMA_Tx_Configuration(void)
{
DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA2 , ENABLE); //DMA2时钟使能
DMA_DeInit(DMA2_Stream6);
while (DMA_GetCmdStatus(DMA2_Stream6) != DISABLE); //等待DMA可配置
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Channel = DMA_Channel_5; //DMA通道配置
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&USART6->DR; //DMA外设地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (uint32_t)USART6_DMA_TX_Buffer; //发送缓存指针
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_MemoryToPeripheral; //DMA传输方向:内存--->外设
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART6_DMA_TX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH; //数据传输字节数量
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable; //外设非增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable; //存储器增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte; //外设数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte; //存储器数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal; //使用普通模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_Medium; //中等优先级 DMA_Priority_High
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFOThreshold_Full;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBurst = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single; //存储器突发单次传输
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single; //外设突发单次传输
DMA_Init(DMA2_Stream6 , &DMA_InitStructure); //初始化DMA Stream
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream6 , DISABLE); //开启DMA传输
}
2、USART6 RX DMA初始化程序
void USART6_DMA_Rx_Configuration(void)
{
DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA2 , ENABLE); //DMA2时钟使能
DMA_DeInit(DMA2_Stream1);
while (DMA_GetCmdStatus(DMA2_Stream1) != DISABLE); //等待DMA可配置
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Channel = DMA_Channel_5; //通道选择
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&USART6->DR; //DMA外设地址
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (uint32_t)USART6_DMA_RX_Buffer; //接收缓存指针
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralToMemory ; //DMA传输方向:外设到存储器模式:外设--->内存
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART6_DMA_RX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH; //缓冲大小
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable; //外设非增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable; //存储器增量模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte; //外设数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte; //存储器数据长度:8位
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal; //使用普通模式
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_Medium; //中等优先级 DMA_Priority_VeryHigh
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFOThreshold_Full;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBurst = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single; //存储器突发单次传输
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single; //外设突发单次传输
DMA_Init(DMA2_Stream1 , &DMA_InitStructure); //初始化DMA_Stream5
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream1 , ENABLE); //开启DMA传输
}
3、USART6 启动DMA发送初始化程序
void USART6_DMA_Begin_Send(uint8_t *send_buffer , uint16_t nSendCount)
{
if (nSendCount < USART6_DMA_TX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH)
{
memcpy(USART6_DMA_TX_Buffer , send_buffer , nSendCount);
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream6 , DISABLE); //关闭DMA传输
while (DMA_GetCmdStatus(DMA2_Stream6) != DISABLE); //确保DMA可以被设置
DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream6 , nSendCount); //数据传输量
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream6 , ENABLE); //开启DMA传输
}
}
4、USART6 DMA方式端口初始化程序(包含DMA配置)
void USART6_Configuration(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOG, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART6, ENABLE); //for USART1 and USART6
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOG, GPIO_PinSource14, GPIO_AF_USART6);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOG, GPIO_PinSource9, GPIO_AF_USART6);
// 配置 PG14/USART6_TX 为复用功能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP; //输出类型为推挽
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_UP; //内部上拉电阻使能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; //复用模式
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStructure);
// 配置 PG9/USART6_RX 为复用功能
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_Init(GPIOG, &GPIO_InitStructure);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(USART6, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_Cmd(USART6, ENABLE);
USART_ClearFlag(USART6, USART_FLAG_TC); //清除发送完成标志
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART6, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET); //等待空闲帧发送完成后再清零发送完成标志(警告:如果不使能USART_Mode_Tx,会导致单片机在这里死机)
USART_ClearFlag(USART6, USART_FLAG_TC); //清除发送完成标志
USART_ITConfig(USART6, USART_IT_RXNE, DISABLE); //禁止USART1接收不为空中断
USART_ITConfig(USART6, USART_IT_TXE, DISABLE); //禁止USART1发送空中断
USART_ITConfig(USART6, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE); //开启USART1空闲中断
USART_ITConfig(USART6, USART_IT_TC, ENABLE); //开启USART1传输完成中断
USART_DMACmd(USART6 , USART_DMAReq_Tx,ENABLE); //使能串口的DMA发送
USART_DMACmd(USART6 , USART_DMAReq_Rx,ENABLE); //使能串口的DMA接收
}
5、USART6 DMA中断接收和DMA中断发送
void USART6_IRQHandler(void)
{
int16_t ch;
if (USART_GetITStatus(USART6 , USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET)
{
USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART6 , USART_IT_IDLE); //必须先清除总线空闲中断标识,然后读一下数据寄存器,DMA接收才会正确(先读SR,然后读DR才能清除空闲中断标识)注意:这句必须要,否则不能够清除中断标志位。
ch = USART_ReceiveData(USART6); //必须先清除总线空闲中断标识,然后读一下数据寄存器,DMA接收才会正确(先读SR,然后读DR才能清除空闲中断标识)注意:这句必须要,否则不能够清除中断标志位。
#ifdef __DEBUG_stm32f407__
__DEBUG_USART6_IT_IDLE++;
#endif
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream1 , DISABLE);
DMA_ClearFlag(DMA2_Stream1 , DMA_FLAG_TCIF1 | DMA_FLAG_FEIF1 | DMA_FLAG_DMEIF1 | DMA_FLAG_TEIF1 | DMA_FLAG_HTIF1);
ch = USART6_DMA_RX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream1);
if (ch > 0)
{
//USART6_Timer_over = TRUE;
USART6_receCount = ch;
WriteBufferTo_ringBuffer(camera_ring , USART6_DMA_RX_Buffer , USART6_receCount);
}
DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream1 , USART6_DMA_RX_BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH);
DMA_Cmd(DMA2_Stream1 , ENABLE);
}
else if (USART_GetITStatus(USART6 , USART_IT_TC)!= RESET)
{
USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART6 , USART_IT_TC);
#ifdef __DEBUG_stm32f407__
__DEBUG_USART6_IT_TC++;
#endif
DMA_ClearFlag(DMA2_Stream6 , DMA_FLAG_TCIF6 | DMA_FLAG_FEIF6 | DMA_FLAG_DMEIF6 | DMA_FLAG_TEIF6 | DMA_FLAG_HTIF6);
DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA2_Stream6 , 0);
GPIO_USART6_RS485_RECIVE_enable();
}
}
6、主程序
void main(void)
{
USART6_Configuration();
USART6_DMA_Tx_Configuration();
USART6_DMA_Rx_Configuration();
while (1)
{
//在合适的时候调用USART6_DMA_Begin_Send(uint8_t *send_buffer , uint16_t nSendBytes)
// 通过DMA中断方式将数据发送出去
}
}
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