了解Typescript基础知识

在线练习： http://www.typescriptlang.org/play/index.html

一、字符串

1.使用``可以实现多行字符串

2.字符串模板

function getName(){
    return "hello"
}
var name:string = 'xxx'
console.log(`
<div>
<span>${name}</span>
<span>${getName()}</span>
</div>
`)

3.自动拆分字符串

function test(template, name, age) {
    console.log(template)
    console.log(name)
    console.log(age)
}

var myname = "pipi"
var getAge = function () {
    return 18;
}
test `hello my name is ${myname}, i'm ${getAge()}`

打印结果为：Array... pipi 18 , 数组由两个参数分割为三部分。

 

二、变量类型

可以通过这样 var name:string = "xxx" 来个参数指定类型

如果没有显示的设置类型，那么就会根据第一次赋值时的类型来推断这个变量的类型

类型的种类：string 、number 、boolean 、void， void用于方法返回值

function test(name: string): string{
    return "hello"
}

 

三、自定义类型

class Person{
    name: string;
    age: number;
}
var p: Person = new Person();
p.name = "pipi";
p.age = 18

 

四、参数

1.可选参数和参数默认值：

function test(a: string, b?: string, c: string = "pipi") {
    console.log(a,b,c)
}
test("xxx", "bbb", "sss");
test("ccc", "ddd")
test("aaa")

注意点：带默认值的参数和可选参数必须放到最后

打印结果：

xxx bbb sss
ccc ddd pipi
aaa undefined pipi

2.任意参数

function func1(...args) {
    args.forEach(function (arg) {
        console.log(arg)
    })
}
func1(1, 2, 3)
func1(1,2,3,3,4,5,6)

function func1(a, b, c) {
    console.log(a);
    console.log(b);
    console.log(c);
}
var args = [1, 2]
func1(...args);
var args2 = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5]
func1(...args2)

 

五、析构表达式

function getInfo() {
    return {
        name: "pipi",
        age: 18
    }
}

var info = getInfo()
var name0 = info.name
var age0 = info.age
console.log(`${name0}...${age0}`)

var { name, age } = getInfo();
console.log(`${name}...${age}`)

var { name: namex, age: agex } = getInfo();
console.log(`${namex}...${agex}`)

function getInfo() {
    return {
        state: true,
        msg: {
           name: "pipi",
           age:18 
        }
    }
}
var { state: s, msg: { name: n, age: a } } = getInfo()
console.log(s,n,a)

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
var [n1, n2, ...others] = arr
console.log(n1, n2, others)

1 2 Array(3)

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
function test([n1, n2,...others]) {
    console.log(n1,n2,others)
}
test(arr)

 

六、箭头表达式

var f1 = () => {
    return "t1"
}
console.log(f1())

var arg0 = "t"
var f2 = arg0 => {
    return arg0+"2"
}
console.log(f2(arg0))

var arg1 = 1;
var arg2 = 2;
var sum = (arg1, arg2) => arg1 + arg2;
console.log(sum(arg1,arg2))

var arg3 = 3
var arg4 = 4
var opt = (argx, argy) => {
    return argx * argx + argy * argy;
}
console.log(opt(arg3,arg4))

var marr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
console.log(marr.filter(value => value % 2 == 0))
//2 4

使用箭头表达式的优点：this 在函数内外是统一的

 

 

七、for of 循环

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
arr.last = "six"

//忽略属性值，不能break 1,2,3,4,5
arr.forEach(value => console.log(value))

//循环的是key 0,1,2,3,4,last
for (var n in arr) {
    console.log(n)
}

//循环的value，忽略属性值 1,2,3,4,5
for (var t of arr) {
    console.log(t)
}

 

八、面向对象特性

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