ORA-12709: error while…

Problem Description:
====================
 
You are trying to start your instance via SQLPLUS or Server Manager when you encounter the
following error:

SQL> connect / as SYSDBA
or
SVRMGR> connect internal
SQL/SVRMGR> startup

  ORA-12709: error while loading create database character set
      Cause: This is an internal error.
     Action: Contact Oracle Customer Support.

You have confirmed that your ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID are set correctly for
this instance.

No changes have been made to the database prior to shutdown.,

Solution Description:
=====================
In the Installation Guide for your Operating System and database version, it
mentions that when specifying a character set other than US7ASCII you will need
to set one of the following ORA_NLS parameters at the operating system level:

  RDBMS 7.2.x  -> ORA_NLS
  RDBMS 7.3.x  -> ORA_NLS32
  RDBMS 8.0.x  -> ORA_NLS33
  RDBMS 8.1.x  -> ORA_NLS33
  RDBMS 9.X.X  -> ORA_NLS33
  RDBMS 10.X   -> ORA_NLS10

Only one of these parameters should be set at any time. 

On Unix the parameter should be set in the environment and should
point to your $ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data directory (pre 10g)
or $ORACLE_HOME/nls/data (10g and up).

On windows this is typically *not* set in the registry

For more information on how to set ORA_NLSxx correctly please read:
Note 77442.1 ORA_NLS (ORA_NLS32, ORA_NLS33, ORA_NLS10) Environment Variables explained.

8.0/8i, 9i Unix Example:
------------------------
=====================

Use the correct setting for the environment variable ORA_NLS33. 
 
Per your platform specific Oracle Installation and Configuration Guide, the
ORA_NLS33 parameter should be set to the following:

ORA_NLS33 = $ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

To set the variable to the correct location, use the following syntax:

C-shell:

        % setenv ORA_NLS33 $ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

Bourne or Korn shell:

        $ ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
        $ export ORA_NLS33

Restart your SQLPLUS or Server Manager session and restart the database.

Check the files under ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data directory.

1.  Verify the ownership/permissions on the files are correct.

2.  Verify the number of files in this directory are the same as the number
of files in a previous backup or another database.

3.  Restore all files in this directory from backup.

Explanation:
============

Not finding the proper location for the NLS files, or some of the *.nlb files
in the ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data directory are either missing or
corrupt.  These are the files needed to support your NLS settings.

REFERENCE
=========
Note 1058400.6       ORA-12701 When Creating a Database
Note 275107.1        ORA-12709: error while loading create database character set

Note 77442.1      ORA_NLS (ORA_NLS32, ORA_NLS33, ORA_NLS10) Environment
                     Variables explained.