外刊学习：不健康饮食 VS 抽烟：谁更致命？

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:59:21 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-15 09:59:21 发布

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分类专栏：外刊学习文章标签：学习网络服务器

原文链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b531996eb612

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今日导读

2013 年，世界卫生组织指出：吸烟每年导致近 600 万人死亡，并预测，到 2030 年，这个数字将上升至 800 万以上。但近日，一项发表在英国权威医学杂志《柳叶刀》上的研究表明：不良饮食的致命风险甚至超过了吸烟！2017 年，全球有 1100 万宗死亡个案与不良饮食习惯有关。不良饮食的危害到底有哪些？让我们和 Daniel 老师一起走进《华盛顿邮报》的这篇新闻。

新闻原文

Bad diets kill more people around the world than smoking, study says

 The Washington Post

Too much salt—and not enough whole grains, fruits and vegetables—may be shaving years off our lives, a new analysis suggests.

In a study published Wednesday in the Lancet, researchers looked at people’s eating habits across 195 countries to estimate how much poor diets contribute to mortality. Their findings? That 11 million people die each year around the world due, at least in part, to certain foods or lack thereof, according to the study.

Lead author Ashkan Afshin, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington, said the researchers estimated that overall, poor diets are responsible for more deaths around the world than any other risk factor, including cigarette smoking, known to be one of the greatest threats to public health.

The problem, he said, is not only what people are eating; but it’s also what they’re not eating. The study estimated that globally, 3 million deaths were attributed to too much sodium—but another 3 million deaths were attributed to too little whole grains and another 2 million deaths to too little fruit.

Experts say it confirms what health professionals have been teaching for years—a balanced diet is important for a long, healthy life.

But is a poor diet really responsible for more deaths than even cigarette smoking? Nestle, a professor at New York University, suggested that it makes sense that dietary risks are higher because everyone eats—but not everyone smokes. So, she said that “diet is a risk factor for everybody.”

带着问题听讲解

epidemiologist 什么意思？

新闻里哪些不良饮食会缩短我们的寿命？

不良饮食的致死率为什么高于吸烟？

新闻正文

Bad diets kill more people around the world than smoking, study says

研究表明，不良饮食导致的全球死亡人数超过吸烟

Too much salt — and not enough whole grains, fruits and vegetables — may be shaving years off our lives, a new analysis suggests.

一项新的分析表明，过多盐的摄入，以及全谷物、水果和蔬菜的摄入量不足，可能会缩短我们的寿命。

周三发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的一项研究显示，研究人员通过观察 195 个国家的人们的饮食习惯来估计不良饮食对死亡率有多大影响。他们的发现是什么呢？那就是，每年导致全球 1100 万人死亡的原因，至少有一部分在于某些食物，或缺少某些食物。

这项研究的第一作者是来自华盛顿大学的流行病学家 Ashkan Afshin，他表示，研究人员估计，总体来说，不良饮食在全球范围内的致死率比其他任何致病因素都高，这些因素包括了吸烟，而吸烟被认为是公众健康的最大威胁之一。

The problem, he said, is not only what people are eating; but it’s also what they’re not eating. The study estimated that globally, 3 million deaths were attributed totoo much sodium — but another 3 million deaths were attributed to too little whole grains and another 2 million deaths to too little fruit.

他表示，问题不仅仅在于人们吃什么；还在于他们不吃什么。该研究估计，全球范围内有 300 万人因钠摄入过量而死亡，另有 300 万人则因全谷物摄入过少而死亡，还有 200 万人因水果摄入过少而死亡。

Experts say it confirms what health professionals have been teaching for years — a balanced diet is important for a long, healthy life.

专家称，这证实了医疗保健专业人士多年来的劝诫——均衡的饮食对于健康长寿至关重要。

But is a poor diet really responsible for more deaths than even cigarette smoking? Nestle, a professor at New York University, suggested that it makes sense that dietary risks are higher because everyone eats — but not everyone smokes. So, she said that “diet is a risk factor for everybody.”

但是不良饮食的致死率真的比吸烟还高吗？纽约大学的 Nestle 教授认为，不良饮食的风险更高是说得通的，因为每个人都吃饭，但不是每个人都抽烟。所以，她说“（不良）饮食对每个人来说都是一个风险因素。”

重点词汇

whole grains
全谷物
相关短语：refined grains（精制谷物）

shave off
（少量地）削减，调低
搭配短语：shave sth. off sth.
例句：She shaved four seconds off the world record.

mortality
/mɔːrˈtæləti/
n. 死亡率，死亡数
词根词缀：mortis（死亡）
英文释义：the number of deaths in a particular period of time
词性拓展：mortal（adj. 致命的；不能永生的）
mortal 搭配短语：a mortal wound
mortal 派生词汇：immortal（adj. 长生不死的）

thereof
/ˌðerˈʌv/
adv. 其，在其中；由此
例句：Money, or the lack thereof, played a major role in their marital problems.
同义短语：of that

epidemiologist
/ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɑːlədʒɪst/
n. 流行病学家
相关词汇：epidemic（n. 流行病）；epidemiology（n. 流行病学）
词根词缀：-ist
派生词：dramatist（n. 剧作家）；novelist（n. 小说家）

attribute to
把…归因于…，认为是…的结果
英文释义：to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something
例句：Women tend to attribute their success toexternal causes such as luck.
相关短语：be attributed to

sodium
/ˈsoʊdiəm/
n. 钠
相关词汇：soda（n. 苏打水；碳酸钠）
词根词缀：-ium（构成金属元素的名称）

dietary
/ˈdaɪəteri/
adj. 与饮食有关的
相关词汇：diet (n.)
英文释义：relating to your diet
搭配短语：dietary habits

补充词汇知识

diet
n. 日常饮食
英文释义：the food that you eat and drink regularly

look at
仔细研究
近义词：examine

due to
由于

lead author
第一作者
近义词：first author
相关词汇：co-author

overall
adv. 总体而言

be responsible for sth.
作为某事的原因
英文释义：being the cause of sth

risk factor
危险系数，危险因素；致病因素
英文释义：a factor that increases one’s chances of contracting a particular disease

not only…but also
不仅…还…

confirm
v. 证实

professional
n. 专业人员
词性拓展：professional (adj.)

make sense
说得通，有道理
英文释义：to be reasonable or understandable
相关词汇：make no sense

长难句解析

这项研究的第一作者是来自华盛顿大学的流行病学家 Ashkan Afshin，他表示，研究人员估计，总体来说，不良饮食在全球范围内的致死率比其他任何致病因素都高，这些致病因素包括了吸烟，吸烟被认为是公众健康的最大威胁之一。

句子的主干部分是 Ashkan Afshin said… ，句子开头交代他的头衔是 lead author，接着同位语 an epidemiologist at the University of Washington 进一步交代他的身份。said 后面的宾语较长，主干部分是 researchers estimated that，that 后面的部分是一个宾语从句，讲到overall, poor diets are responsible for more deaths around the world than any other risk factor, including cigarette smoking，这句话的主干部分是 poor diets are responsible for more deaths than any other risk factor，并给出例子 cigarette smoking，最后 known to be one of the greatest threats to public health 用了过去分词，作 cigarette smoking 的定语。