535. Encode and Decode TinyURL

TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.
Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

class Codec:

    def __init__(self):
            self.urls = []

    def encode(self, longUrl):
        """Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.

        :type longUrl: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        self.urls.append(longUrl)
        return "http://tinyurl.com/" + str(len(self.urls)-1)


    def decode(self, shortUrl):
        """Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.

        :type shortUrl: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        return self.urls[int(shortUrl.split('/')[-1])]


# Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
# codec = Codec()
# codec.decode(codec.encode(url))

另解：

import random, string
class Codec:
    alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    def __init__(self):
        self.url2code = {}
        self.code2url = {}

    def encode(self, longUrl):
        """Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.

        :type longUrl: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        while longUrl not in self.url2code:
            code = ''.join(random.choice(Codec.alphabet) for _ in range(6))
            if code not in self.code2url:
                self.url2code[longUrl] = code
                self.code2url[code] = longUrl
            return "http://tinyurl.com/" + self.url2code[longUrl]

    def decode(self, shortUrl):
        """Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.

        :type shortUrl: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        return self.code2url[shortUrl[-6:]]