Java后端爱上SpringCloud 第二节:内部负载均衡 Ribbon和Feign

本文介绍了SpringCloud中负载均衡的概念,并详细讲解了Ribbon和Feign的区别及使用。通过创建My-Spring-Ribbon和My-Spring-Feign工程,演示了如何将它们注册到Eureka并进行调用。在Ribbon中利用RestTemplate进行了HTTP请求,而Feign则通过声明式方式简化了服务调用。文章最后展示了Ribbon调用Feign以及Feign调用Ribbon的示例,探讨了可能出现的问题。
摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成


PS:为什么说是内部负载均衡?因为Ribbon和Feign都是在SpringClodu服务间的调用做的,之后会讲到在外部请求做负载均衡。至于负载均衡是啥,大家可以自行搜索一下,老规矩先贴一些连接,让大家明确概念,在进行实现。
这里先简单的贴一下负载均衡的概念:

负载均衡:英文名称为Load Balance, 建立在现有网络结构之上,它提供了一种廉价有效透明的方法扩展网络设备和服务器的带宽、增加吞吐量、加强网络数据处理能力、提高网络的灵活性和可用性。其意思就是分摊到多个操作单元上进行执行,例如Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器和其它关键任务服务器等,从而共同完成工作任务。

一些链接

Ribbon和Feign的区别和比较

RibbonFeign
软负载软负载
支持TCP,HTTP,UPU支持HTTP
支持容错支持容错
和RestTemplate结合起来实现负载均衡简单的HTTP生命调用

当前架构

之前有个工程起名为spring-first,太low了,我把它改名为My-Cloud-First虽然也很low。贴一下现在的架构图:

在这里插入图片描述
下面开始实现正题。

创建My-Spring-Ribbon

创建一个My-Spring-Ribbon工程。
pom文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.hyn</groupId>
	<artifactId>My-Spring-Ribbon</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>My-Spring-Ribbon</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>
</project>

注册到Eureka上面:

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-boot-ribbo
server:
  port: 8765
# tag::configuration-eureka[]

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"  #<2>
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: ALWAYS
# end::configuration-eureka[]
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ 

记得在启动类上加上:@EnableEurekaClient
写一个controller:RibbonControler

package com.hyn.cloud.ribbon.controler;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public class RibbonControler {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/name",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String ribbon(@RequestParam String name){
    	String respResult="I am ribbon,My name is "+name;
		return respResult;
    }
}

依次启动Eureka,Admin,Ribbon,测试一下:http://127.0.0.1:8765/ribbon/name?name=hyn
在这里插入图片描述

创建My-Spring-Feign

创建一个My-Spring-Feign工程。
pom文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.hyn</groupId>
	<artifactId>My-Spring-Feign</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>My-Cloud-Feign</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>
        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

</project>

注册到Eureka上面:

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-boot-feign
server:
  port: 8763
# tag::configuration-eureka[]

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"  #<2>
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: ALWAYS
# end::configuration-eureka[]
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ 

记得在启动类上加上:@EnableEurekaClient
写一个controller:RibbonControler

package com.hyn.cloud.feign.controler;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/feign")
public class FeignControler {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/name",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String feign(@RequestParam String name){
    	String respResult="I am feign,My name is "+name;
		return respResult;
    }
}

依次启动Feign,测试一下:http://127.0.0.1:8763/feign/name?name=hyn

在这里插入图片描述

现在可以看到,在SpringBootAdmin上如下结构:
在这里插入图片描述

Ribbon调用

说明一下RestTemplate:

  • RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端。
  • RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。
  • 调用RestTemplate的默认构造函数,RestTemplate对象在底层通过使用java.net包下的实现创建HTTP 请求,可以通过使用ClientHttpRequestFactory指定不同的HTTP请求方式。
  • ClientHttpRequestFactory接口主要提供了两种实现方式,一种是SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,使用J2SE提供的方式(既java.net包提供的方式)创建底层的Http请求连接,还有一种方式是使用HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory方式,底层使用HttpClient访问远程的Http服务,使用HttpClient可以配置连接池和证书等信息。

启动类修改:

package com.hyn.cloud.ribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MyCloudRibbonApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
   	SpringApplication.run(MyCloudRibbonApplication.class, args);
   }

    /**
    * Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端
    * @return
    */
   @Bean
   @LoadBalanced
   RestTemplate restTemplate() {
       return new RestTemplate();
   }
}

controller 类修改

package com.hyn.cloud.ribbon.controler;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public class RibbonControler {

   /**
    * 注入RestTemplate
    */
   @Autowired
   RestTemplate restTemplate;
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/name",method=RequestMethod.GET)
   @ResponseBody
   public String ribbon(@RequestParam String name){
   	String respResult="I am ribbon,My name is "+name;
   	String url="http://SPRING-BOOT-FEIGN/feign/name?name=";
       return restTemplate.getForObject(url+respResult, String.class);
   }
}

在调用一下:
在这里插入图片描述
可以看到通过Ribbon去调用了Feign,虽然栗子举的有些生硬。哈哈哈哈

Feign调用

启动类修改:

package com.hyn.cloud.feign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients //开启spring cloud feign的支持
public class MyCloudFeignApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
   	SpringApplication.run(MyCloudFeignApplication.class, args);
   }
}

controller修改:

package com.hyn.cloud.feign.controler;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.hyn.cloud.feign.service.FeignService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/feign")
public class FeignControler {

	@Autowired
	FeignService feignService;
	
    @RequestMapping(value = "/name",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String feign(@RequestParam String name){
		return feignService.getName(name);
    }
}

添加一个service:

package com.hyn.cloud.feign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "SPRING-BOOT-RIBBO")
public interface FeignService {
	
    @RequestMapping(value = "/ribbon/name",method = RequestMethod.GET)
	String getName(@RequestParam("name")String name);

}

然后我掉了一下http://127.0.0.1:8763/feign/name?name=hyn,然后feign去调了ribbon,ribbon又去调了feign,然后就没有然后了,会报一大堆错,没有仔细分析。
这里我们在ribbon项目Controller里面再添加一个Request,

package com.hyn.cloud.ribbon.controler;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;



@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public class RibbonControler {

    /**
     * 注入RestTemplate
     */
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
	
    @RequestMapping(value = "/name",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String ribbon(@RequestParam String name){
    	String respResult="I am ribbon,My name is "+name;
    	String url="http://SPRING-BOOT-FEIGN/feign/name?name=";
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url+respResult, String.class);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/name2",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String ribbon2(@RequestParam String name){
    	String respResult="I am ribbon,My name2 is "+name;
        return respResult;
    }

}

修改FeignService调用的url

package com.hyn.cloud.feign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "SPRING-BOOT-RIBBO")
public interface FeignService {
	
    @RequestMapping(value = "/ribbon/name2",method = RequestMethod.GET)
	String getName(@RequestParam("name")String name);

}

然后请求feign项目:

在这里插入图片描述
可以看到feign工程去调用了ribbon工程的name2的controller

  • 0
    点赞
  • 1
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值