一、什么是服务降级?
服务之间相互调用,服务之间相互通信、数据传输,一个服务往往会因为另一个服务挂掉从而跟着不可用,为了保持服务的高可用性,可以采用服务降级的方式来提高服务的可用性。一句话总结:服务降级就是在一个服务挂掉后,给出一个解决方案,比如一些提示之类,从而保证在这个服务挂掉后调用者的那个服务仍然可以正常运行!
二、如何实现服务降级?—>服务降级demo
1> 导入相关依赖(下面yml还配了mybatis相关配置信息,因为我自己pom是继承了父pom有mybatis相关依赖的,根据自己实际情况配)
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!--服务注册依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 服务通信 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- sentinel流量控制相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.20</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2> 编写application.yml配置文件
application.yml
server:
port: 9191
spring:
application:
name: server-sentinel
# 数据源配置
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
druid:
url: jdbc:mysql://ip/db_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: ip:8848
# 启用sentinel
sentinel:
# sentinel后台端口号
transport:
dashboard: ip:8178
enabled: true
# 启用feign对sentinel的支持
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/**/*.xml
3> 编写应java代码
主程序入口:
@SpringBootApplication
//开启服务注册
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//开启服务通信
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServerSentinelApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServerSentinelApplication.class, args);
}
}
StudnetService:
import com.springcloudalibaba.serversentinel.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//服务调用注册中心服务名为server-provider的服务数据,fallback启动服务降级回调StudentServiceImpl.class
@FeignClient(value = "server-provider",fallback = StudentServiceImpl.class)
public interface StudentService {
@RequestMapping("/provideServer/{id}")
String getProviderData(@PathVariable int id);
}
StudentServiceImpl(当服务提供模块挂掉后,启动服务降级调用的类)
import com.springcloudalibaba.serversentinel.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//服务降级具体实现
@Component
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
@Override
public String getProviderData(int id) {
return "获取数据失败";
}
}
StudentController(对前端或者其他模块暴露的数据接口)
import com.springcloudalibaba.serversentinel.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
public class StudentController {
@Resource
StudentService studentService;
@RequestMapping("/getProviderData/{id}")
public String getProviderData(@PathVariable Integer id){
String providerData = studentService.getProviderData(id);
return providerData;
}
}
启动两个服务注册到nacos服务注册中心后台
去访问StudentController,成功拿到server-provider的数据!
现在关闭server-provider服务模块
再去访问StudentController,发现执行了StudentServiceImpl里的内容
查看Sentinel后台,发现server-sentinel服务已经在后台了,可以根据自己的需求对其进行流量监控,限流等一些操作了!