pytorch入门_简单卷积神经网络的搭建

神经网络的典型训练过程如下：

1. 定义包含一些可学习的参数(或者叫权重)神经网络模型；
2. 在数据集上迭代；
3. 通过神经网络处理输入；
4. 计算损失(输出结果和正确值的差值大小)；
5. 将梯度反向传播回网络的参数；
6. 更新网络的参数，主要使用如下简单的更新原则： weight = weight - learning_rate * gradient

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1. 定义网络：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


class Net(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        # 1 input image channel, 6 output channels, 5x5 square convolution
        # kernel
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
        # an affine operation: y = Wx + b
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        # Max pooling over a (2, 2) window
        x = F.max_pool2d(F.relu(self.conv1(x)), (2, 2))
        # If the size is a square you can only specify a single number
        x = F.max_pool2d(F.relu(self.conv2(x)), 2)
        x = x.view(-1, self.num_flat_features(x))
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        return x

    def num_flat_features(self, x):
        size = x.size()[1:]  # all dimensions except the batch dimension
        num_features = 1
        for s in size:
            num_features *= s
        return num_features


net = Net()
print(net)

输出：
Net(
(conv1): Conv2d(1, 6, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(conv2): Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(fc1): Linear(in_features=400, out_features=120, bias=True)
(fc2): Linear(in_features=120, out_features=84, bias=True)
(fc3): Linear(in_features=84, out_features=10, bias=True)
)

在模型中必须要定义 forward 函数，backward 函数（用来计算梯度）会被autograd自动创建。 可以在 forward 函数中使用任何针对 Tensor 的操作。

net.parameters()返回可被学习的参数（权重）列表和值

params = list(net.parameters())
print(len(params))
print(params[0].size())  # conv1's .weight

输出：
10
torch.Size([6, 1, 5, 5])

2. 定义损失函数

criterion = nn.MSELoss()
loss = criterion(output, target)

3. 反向传播

调用loss.backward()获得反向传播的误差。

重点：但是在调用前需要清除已存在的梯度，否则梯度将被累加到已存在的梯度。

现在，我们将调用loss.backward()，并查看conv1层的偏差（bias）项在反向传播前后的梯度。

net.zero_grad()     # 清除梯度

print('conv1.bias.grad before backward')
print(net.conv1.bias.grad)

loss.backward()

print('conv1.bias.grad after backward')
print(net.conv1.bias.grad)

输出：

conv1.bias.grad before backward
tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])
conv1.bias.grad after backward
tensor([ 0.0051, 0.0042, 0.0026, 0.0152, -0.0040, -0.0036])

更新权重

在实践中最简单的权重更新规则是随机梯度下降（SGD）：

weight = weight - learning_rate * gradient
用的最多的是Adam优化

import torch.optim as optim

# create your optimizer
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.01)

---

总结：一个训练环

# in your training loop:
optimizer.zero_grad()   # zero the gradient buffers
output = net(input)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()    # Does the update

注：本文总结来自https://github.com/zergtant/pytorch-handbook/blob/master/chapter1/3_neural_networks_tutorial.ipynb