rails callback介绍

什么是Callback
在增删改查的操作上添加的回调事件，在执行增删改查的时候同步触发一些逻辑

回调触发分类
creating an object
updating an object
destroying an object
finding an object

Create回调
before_validation
after_validation
before_save
around_save
before_create
around_create
after_create
after_save
after_commit/after_rollback

在回调之前执行
.before_validation
.before_save
.before_create
.before_update
class User < ActiveRecord::Base

	before_save do
		self.username = self.username.downcase
	end

	# or 
	before_save :update_username
	private	
	def update_username
		self.username = self.username.downcase
	end
end

.before_save vs .after_save对比
class User < ActiveRecord::Base

	before_save do
		self.username = self.username.downcase
	end

	# or
	after_save do
		self.username = self.username.downcase
		self.save # update_column
	end

end
上面的after_save有问题吗？
你会发现上面的save之后再调用after_save这样会造成无限死循环
看起来效果是一样，尽量不要在save之后去操作，可以在save之前去操作

Update回调
before_validation
after_validation
before_save
around_save
before_update
around_update
after_update
after_save
after_commit/after_rollback

Destroy回调
before_destroy
around_destroy
after_destroy
after_commit/after_rollback

Find回调
after_find
after_initialize

触发callback的方法
create
create!
decrement!
destroy
destroy!
destroy_all
increment!
save
save!
save(validate: false)
toggle!
update_attribute
update
update!
valid?

触发after_find的方法
all
first
find
find_by
find_by_*
find_by_*!
find_by_sql
last

跳过callback的触发方法(尽量不要使用这些方法吧，防止团队有需要回调)
decrement
decrement_counter
delete
delete_all
increment
increment_counter
toggle
touch
update_column
update_columns
update_all
update_counters

Callback参数
class User < ActiveRecord::Base

before_save :update_username, unless: proc { |user| user.evil? }

# or
before_save :update_username, if: proc { |user| !user.evil? }
end

Transaction
所有的回调都被自动放在了事务中

返回值
如果一个before_* callback的返回值为false那么当前事务就会回滚