16 装饰器

作用：在不修改原来函数名称，函数调用方式的情况下，添加函数功能作用。

1、嵌套函数： 函数定义内还有函数：

def func1():
    print('func1 begin to run')
    def func2():
        print('This is func2.')
    func2()
    print('func1 finish.')
func1()
运行结果：
func1 begin to run
This is func2.
func1 finish.

2、装饰器： 高阶函数和嵌套函数

__author__ = 'Bao'
import time
def addRunTime(f):
    def runTime():
        beginTime=time.time()
        f()
        endTime=time.time()
        print('function run time is %f'%(endTime-beginTime))
    return runTime

@addRunTime  # func=addRunTime(func)
def func():
    print('func is running...')
    time.sleep(2)

@addRunTime # func2=addRunTime(func2)
def func2():
    print('func2 is running...')
    time.sleep(1)

func()
func2()

输出结果：
func is running...
function run time is 2.007462
func2 is running...
function run time is 1.014211

支持函数带参数、或者不带参数

__author__ = 'Bao'
import time
def addRunTime(f):
    def runTime(*args,**kwargs):
        beginTime=time.time()
        f(*args,**kwargs)
        endTime=time.time()
        print('function run time is %f'%(endTime-beginTime))
    return runTime

@addRunTime  # func=addRunTime(func)
def func():
    print('func is running...')
    time.sleep(1)

@addRunTime # func2=addRunTime(func2)
def func2(v1,v2):
    print('func2 is running...',v1,v2)
    time.sleep(1)
#不参数
func()
#带参数
func2('ZhanSan','Lisi')
输出结果：
p1
p2
func2 is running... ZhanSan Lisi
function run time is 1.001893

支持返回函数f的返回值

__author__ = 'Bao'
import time
def addRunTime(f):
    def runTime(*args,**kwargs):
        beginTime=time.time()
        r=f(*args,**kwargs)
        endTime=time.time()
        print('function run time is %f'%(endTime-beginTime))
        return r
    return runTime

@addRunTime # func2=addRunTime(func2)
def func2(v1,v2):
    print('func2 is running...',v1,v2)
    time.sleep(1)
    return 1
print(func2('ZhanSan','Lisi'))
输出结果：
func2 is running... ZhanSan Lisi
function run time is 1.008916
1

支持修饰带参数

__author__ = 'Bao'
import time
def addRunTime(v):
    def out(f):
        def runTime(*args,**kwargs):
            if v=='Y':
                print('Sleep long.')
                time.sleep(3)
            else:
                print('Sleep short.')
                time.sleep(1)
            beginTime=time.time()
            r=f(*args,**kwargs)
            endTime=time.time()
            print('function run time is %f'%(endTime-beginTime))
            return r
        return runTime
    return out

@addRunTime('N') # func2=addRunTime(func2)
def func1():
    print('func1 is running...')
    time.sleep(1)
    return 1

@addRunTime('Y') # func2=addRunTime(func2)
def func2(v1,v2):
    print('func2 is running...',v1,v2)
    time.sleep(1)
    return 2

print(func1())
print(func2('ZhanSan','Lisi'))