RecyclerView
简介
ListView有自己的缺陷,比如需要进行效率提升,而且只支持竖向滚动。因此出现了增强版的ListView——RecyclerView。
用法
- 首先需要添加依赖库(版本号跟你的appcompat版本号一致就可以了)
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.3.0'
- 布局中添加控件
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
- 定义适配器Adapter
和ListView一样需要适配器作为View和ListView之间的桥梁。
之前ListView我们自定义Adapter继承的是ArrayAdapter,而这里RecyclerView我们需要继承的是RecyclerView.Adapter,官方文档有说这是一个Adapter的Base Adapter:
Base class for an Adapter
Adapters provide a binding from an app-specific data set to views that are displayed within a RecyclerView.
因为继承的该Adapter是抽象类,需要实现三个抽象方法onCreateView()
、onBindViewHolder()
、getItemCount()
,其中第二个方法的第一个参数需要用到RecyclerView.Adapter指定的泛型RecyclerView.ViewHolder,但一般我们会自己自定义一个ViewHolder来存储我们自定义的View的数据,这时候一定要记得自定义的ViewHolder需要继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder,否则onBindViewHolder()方法就会报错:
错误: 类型参数com.example.recyclerview.FruitAdapter.ViewHolder不在类型变量VH的范围内
其中, VH是类型变量:
VH扩展已在类 Adapter中声明的android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.ViewHolder
来看看书本中自定义的Adapter的例子:
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private List<Fruit> mFruitList; //非公有非静态字段的命名以m开头
//FruitAdapter的构造函数
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
mFruitList = fruitList;
}
//自定义ViewHolder内部类,需要继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
ImageView image;
TextView name;
public ViewHodler(View view) {
super(view);
image = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.image);
name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.name);
}
}
//Called when RecyclerView needs a new RecyclerView.ViewHolder of the given type to represent an item.
//直译就是在RecyclerView需要为一个新的子项生成一个ViewHolder存储数据的时候就会调用
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
.inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
return holder;
}
//Called by RecyclerView to display the data at the specified position.
//This method should update the contents of the itemView to reflect the item at the given position.
//对RecyclerView的子项进行赋值,在子项被滚到屏幕内的时候执行
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
holder.image.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
holder.name.setText(fruit.getName());
}
//返回RecyclerView的子项的个数
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}
- 活动中使用RecyclerView
和ListView相同的地方,都是需要调用setAdapter()
方法设置Adapter。不同点在于,RecyclerView还需要设置布局管理器LayoutManager,该管理器用于指定RecyclerView的布局方式(线性布局、水平布局、网格布局等),下面是官方文档的介绍:
RecyclerView.LayoutManager
A LayoutManager is responsible for measuring and positioning item views within a RecyclerView as well as determining the policy for when to recycle item views that are no longer visible to the user. By changing the LayoutManager a RecyclerView can be used to implement a standard vertically scrolling list, a uniform grid, staggered grids, horizontally scrolling collections and more. Several stock layout managers are provided for general use.
RecyclerView.LayoutManager(抽象类)的几个常用的实现类为LinearLayoutManager(线型布局)、StaggeredGridLayoutManager(瀑布流)等。
-LinearLayoutManager的构造函数有一个参数Context。默认竖向布局,改变布局需要调用setOrientation()
方法,该方法传入一个参数,可选值为LinearLayoutManager.VERTIACAL
、LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL
。
-StaggeredGridLayoutManager的构造函数有两个参数,分别为布局的列数
和布局的排列方向
,布局的排列方向的可选值为StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL
、StaggeredGridLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL
。
举个书本的例子:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle saveInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(saveInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//初始化fruitList的数据,就简单添加几组要展示的数据进去就行了,这里省略具体实现。
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyceler_view);
//生成布局管理器实例
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
//设置布局管理器的布局排列方向为水平方向
layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
//生成适配器实例
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
- 点击事件
这个和ListView不一样,ListView提供setItemClickListener()
方法来注册每个子项的点击事件,不过,这个点击事件只是相应子项的,并不能响应子项里的具体控件,所以RcyclerView干脆就取消了该方法。要注册点击事件直接注册相应控件的setOnClicckListener()
方法即可。由于我们都是把View的数据存在ViewHolder中的,所以自然在onCreateViewHolder()中来创建点击事件。
例如:
static class ViewHolder extends Recycler.ViewHolder {
//新增用于保存子项最外层布局的实例的View成员,设置该View的点击事件就相当于ListView的setItemClickListener()
View fruitVeiw;
ImageView image;
TextView name;
public ViewHodler(View view) {
super(view);
fruitView = view;
image = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.image);
name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.name);
}
}
...
public ViewHolder onCreateVeiwHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
...
ViewHolder hodler = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(点击事件);
holder.image.setOnClickListener(点击事件);
...
}
好了今天就先记到这里吧,因为是刚刚入门,所以就照着书本记一下笔记,RecyclerView还有很多有趣的用法,挖个坑给自己以后慢慢填。纯手打有错误欢迎指正。
主要参考文献:郭霖《第一行代码(第2版)》